South-South migration: a study on refugees working in small and medium Brazilian enterprises

Abstract

This article aims to analyze the integration of refugees from the global South in the workplace of small and medium enterprises in the city of São Paulo, based on interpersonal relationships between Brazilian employers, refugee workers, and Brazilian workers. The literature focuses on South-South migration, refugees in Brazil, and their stereotypes in the workplace. The research was qualitative, using a case study. Semi-structured individual interviews and non-participant observation were conducted with 28 respondents: 7 refugee workers (2 Haitians, 2 Angolans, 1 Congolese, 1 Nigerian, and 1 Beninese); 7 Brazilian employers (4 owners and 3 managers in the services, commerce, and industry sectors); and 14 Brazilian co-workers. Results show managerial incentive to different forms of communication seeking to break the language barrier as well as explicit racism. The employers only began to worry about the integration of refugees when they had problems with Brazilians, such as disrespect for Halal food of Muslim refugees and the perception that refugees transmit diseases. Brazilian workers and employers stereotype refugees from African countries (including Haiti) as a homogeneous group of “black Africans,” reflecting a total lack of knowledge about their geographical and cultural diversity. This lack of knowledge strongly influences interpersonal relationships and makes it difficult for refugees to integrate into the workplace. This article contributes to the reflection on South-South migration, since the literature usually explores South-North and North-North migration.

Refugees in Brazil: An investigation of Syrian refugees' psychological experiences

“…Whereas Northern receiving countries tend to be relatively homogenous in terms of ethnicity, this is often not the case in the countries of the South. Refugees who make up the South–South migration scenario are more likely to live illegally and undocumented, which contributes to them being trapped in lower positions in the labour market, especially in Brazil (Versiani & Carvalho, 2021). Also, South–South migration it is more likely to relate to poorer refugees than in the Northern counterpart (Gagnon et al, 2013; Versiani & Carvalho, 2021).…”