South-Pars Phases 2 and 3: The Kinetic Hydrate Inhibitor (KHI) Experience 
Applied at Field Start-up

Glénat, Philippe; Peytavy, Jean‐Louis; Holland-Jones, Nick; Grainger, Martin

doi:10.2523/88751-ms

Cited by 18 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…The combined use of MDEA and MEG is very common. ,,,,− As such, the need for understanding how MDEA affects gas hydrate formation and the inhibition performance of MEG at a wide pressure range becomes important for the integrity of the hydrate control program. This study has produced new methane hydrate phase equilibria data for MEG and MDEA mixtures, confirming that MDEA can act as a thermodynamic hydrate inhibitor at high pressures (7–20 MPa), resulting in the suppression of the hydrate phase boundary.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrate Phase Equilibria for Methyldiethanolamine and Empirical Modeling for Prediction

et al. 2018

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The issue of gas hydrates in gas pipelines is commonly addressed by injecting hydrate inhibitors at the well heads. Alongside these inhibitors, other chemical additives are also injected to address various concerns such as to reduce the risk of corrosion and scaling. However, it is not clear how the combined chemical cocktail affects gas hydrate formation over a wide pressure range. Monoethylene glycol (MEG) and methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) are common chemicals that are usually used as part of hydrate inhibition and corrosion control programs respectively. Thus, in this study, the methane hydrate inhibition performance of MDEA in the presence and absence of MEG was assessed. The study produced new hydrate phase equilibria data at a high pressure range, suggesting MDEA performs as a thermodynamic hydrate inhibitor and thus enhances the hydrate inhibitory performance of MEG. Furthermore, because there does not appear to be any flow assurance prediction software that has the capability to simulate the effect of MDEA on hydrate formation, an algorithm that can accurately predict the equilibrium temperature of aqueous MDEA solutions with and without MEG was developed. The algorithm is based on the empirical modeling of the experimental data obtained in this study. This work will thus aid in the industrial application of hydrate inhibitors and improve gas hydrate prevention in production pipelines.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrate Phase Equilibria for Methyldiethanolamine and Empirical Modeling for Prediction

et al. 2018

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“…To provide the necessary background, first we discuss the South Pars plant, phase 2 and 3 [45], [46]. The development of this plant was comprised of two major sub-projects: (1) Selection of the FGRS and (2) Selection of a GCS.…”

Section: Problem Statement and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Expanding on this earlier research, this paper focuses on proposing an improved methodology for the selection of design proposals case for FGRS that exploits the benefits of simulation and MBDA. The case study is focused on the development of the South Pars plant phase 2 and 3 [45], [46], where the main objective will be to compare two different GCS alternatives with respect to dependability attributes. The process of gas flaring is described for both the two alternative GCS design solutions of the FGRS system of South Pars phase 2 and 3 and used to propose DFT models for the two solutions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Approach Based on Stochastic Hybrid Fault Tree to Compare Alternative Flare Gas Recovery Systems

2021

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Flaring has always been an inseparable part of oil production and exploration. Previously, waste gas collected from different parts of facilities was released for safety or operational reasons and combusted on top of a flare stack since there was not the possibility to treat or use this type of gas. Concerns about global warming led to several initiatives for reducing flaring or even eliminating combustion. Treating flare gas was made possible by the introduction of flare gas recovery systems that have become increasingly obligatory. Most solutions add a flare gas recovery system to an existing flare system. In a typical scenario, after analyzing the existing facility and collecting the necessary data, alternative designs are proposed and criteria are determined to make a choice between the proposed alternatives. In this paper two designs of a gas control system are proposed, and reliability was chosen as the deciding factor. Using repairable dynamic fault trees, the failure models of the two designs have been implemented. Afterwards, a novel hybrid technique, the Stochastic Hybrid Fault Tree Automaton, is used to model the working conditions in which the system operates, with the aim to achieve a more realistic assessment and evaluate the disaster likelihood associated to these failures. It is shown that the latter enables a richer analysis where the effects of failure can be better assessed. This is important for correct choice between design alternatives because, as shown in the case study, the results of the two analyses can lead to contrasting conclusions of the solution to adopt. Further investigations have been carried out focusing on the safety sub-systems and on the basic events in each design. The Importance Measure analysis revealed that some of the components were responsible for most of the critical failures, thus locating some areas of possible design improvement.

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“…% versus the water rate. Regarding TOTAL Group experience with KHI, the first actual field experience with KHI was at South Pars 2&3 in Iran 11 . Owing to their low dosage, the most interesting economic advantage expected from LDHIs should have been the reduction of OPEX, but it is surprisingly not the case as their price is high (4 to 5 euros/kg).…”

Section: Successful Field Application Of An Inhibitor Concentration Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Successful Field Application of an Inhibitor Concentration Detection System in Optimising the Kinetic Hydrate Inhibitor (KHI) Injection Rates and Reducing the Risks Associated with Hydrate Blockage

et al. 2009

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TX 75083-3836, U.S.A., fax +1-972-952-9435. AbstractCurrently, hydrate inhibitors are injected at the pipelines upstream based on the calculated/measured hydrate phase boundary, water cut, worst pressure and temperature conditions, and the amount of inhibitor lost to non-aqueous phases. In general, no means of controlling and monitoring are available along the pipeline and/or downstream to assess the degree of inhibition. Often high safety margins are considered to accommodate for the uncertainties in the above parameters and to ensure gas hydrate risks are eliminated. However, despite these efforts hydrates do still form and this can result in considerable economical and safety concerns. As a result of a joint industry project, a novel device based on electrical conductivity and sonic velocity (C-V technique) has been developed for monitoring the hydrate safety margin to optimise inhibitor injection rates. The system determines the amount of inhibitors (e.g., salt, KHI, methanol, MEG, etc…) in the aqueous phase and the degree of inhibition they can provide. The device has been successfully applied in determining the amount of KHI in produced water from the Dolphin field in Qatar. Compared to conventional chemical techniques the device is much faster (less than 3 minutes) and less labour intensive and there is no chemical requirement. In this presentation, the results of the trial of this device in determining KHI concentration in produced water are described. The results shows that this new technique is very fast and reliable, optimising the KHI injection rate, improving the economy and reliability of hydrate inhibition strategy, and minimising the impact on the environment.

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South-Pars Phases 2 and 3: The Kinetic Hydrate Inhibitor (KHI) Experience Applied at Field Start-up

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Hydrate Phase Equilibria for Methyldiethanolamine and Empirical Modeling for Prediction

Hydrate Phase Equilibria for Methyldiethanolamine and Empirical Modeling for Prediction

A Novel Approach Based on Stochastic Hybrid Fault Tree to Compare Alternative Flare Gas Recovery Systems

Successful Field Application of an Inhibitor Concentration Detection System in Optimising the Kinetic Hydrate Inhibitor (KHI) Injection Rates and Reducing the Risks Associated with Hydrate Blockage

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