South Indian calcaneal talar facet configurations and osteoarthritic changes

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the talar facet configuration of South Indian calcanei, measure the angle between the anterior and middle facet planes of these calcanei, and assess the relation between the above parameters and the degenerative changes in the subtalar joints. The angle between the anterior and middle talar facets was measured in 222 South Indian adult calcanei. The degree of sclerosis was measured on radiographs of the calcanei. Lipping and osteophytes around the joints were recorded by visual inspection. The facet patterns observed were fused anterior and middle facets (Type I), three separate facets (Type II), absence of the anterior facet (Type III), three merged facets (Type IV), and a new pattern of absent anterior and fused middle and posterior facets (Type V). An anterolateral impression was present in nine calcanei. Type I was the predominant pattern (72%). Type II configuration had the least mean angle (125 degrees) and had less number of calcanei with significant osteoarthritic changes. A wider angle was observed in Type I and Type III calcanei. Type IV and Type V were observed in only three and one calcanei, respectively. Lipping and osteophytes were observed in Type I to IV configurations. There was no correlation between the facet configuration and the radiological subchondral sclerosis in the posterior talar facet of the calcanei. This study reveals that the talar facet configuration of calcanei and the angle between the anterior and middle facets influence the stability of the subtalar joints and development of osteoarthritis.

Bilateral symmetry of the subtalar joint facets and the relationship between the morphology and osteoarthritic changes

“…In most classical anatomy textbooks, the talocalcaneal joint has three distinct articulating facets. However, it has been well documented that interindividual variation exists in the number, the distance, between angle and connections, and the size of the articulating joint facets (Bruckner, 1987;Forriol Campos and Gomez Pellico, 1989;Drayer-Verhagen, 1993; Barbaix et al, 2000;Ragab et al, 2003;Madhavi et al, 2008;Jung et al, 2015;Agarwal et al, 2016). Despite the known variation only two studies analyzed the degree of bilateral symmetry of the facet joints: one describing the pattern of calcaneal facets (Ragab et al, 2003), and another one describing the surface area and three-dimensional (3D) orientation of the calcaneal facets (Stephan et al, 2014).…”

Non-metrical study of the pattern of talar articular facets in south Indian dry calcanei

“…In Indian populations where walking is mainly barefoot or in sandals so that the subtalar joint is more exposed to the stresses that may be produced by walking unprotected by shoes the anatomy of these articular facets is important and may also have a role in planning foot surgery [10]. …”

Human remains from the Moravian Gravettian: morphology and taphonomy of additional elements from Dolní Vĕstonice II and Pavlov I

“…Following Trinkaus (1975a), this should represent partial fusion of these two facets. Complete separation of the facets is rare in Late Pleistocene and (non‐industrial) recent humans (Trinkaus, 1975a; Shiraishi et al ., 2007; Madhavi et al ., 2008), being present in only 1.5 Neandertals ( N = 10), none of the MPMH ( N = 3) or EUP ( N = 1) and one MUP human ( N = 11). However, one MUP individual (Ohalo 2) has the partial fusion seen in Dolní Vĕstonice 54.…”