South China Sea Arbitration and the Protection of the Marine Environment: Evolution of unclos Part xii Through Interpretation and the Duty to Cooperate

Abstract

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International Legal Framework for Joint Governance of Oceans and Fisheries: Challenges and Prospects in Governing Large Marine Ecosystems (LMEs) under Sustainable Development Goal 14

“…Protection of the LMEs is the justiciability of the ITLOS, and the PCA follows that in the South China Sea dispute [34]. A special tribunal formulated under the UNCLOS in the South China Sea dispute stated that all States to dispute under (regional and international) MEAs and UNCLOS should preserve the marine resources (oil and gas), minerals, and fisheries to maintain marine biodiversity [35]. PCA stressed that all States in the South China Sea have 'direct obligations' regarding any activity, among them the obligations to apply the precautionary approach and conduct an environmental impact assessment.…”

Conflictos y conservación

“…Una de las conclusiones del Tribunal de 2016 fue que China había violado su obligación de proteger el medio marino, al permitir prácticas pesqueras perjudiciales, pescar especies amenazadas, y destruir los arrecifes de coral a gran escala mediante proyectos de recuperación de tierras. Si bien no ha resuelto la controversia sobre el Mar de China Meridional, puede que el Tribunal haya sentado un precedente para que la Convención de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Derecho del Mar se interprete como una obligación jurídica de conservar y proteger el medio marino 251 .…”