South Central Andean Area. Social Interaction, Relationship and Genetic Divergence in the Atacama Desert

Abstract

Social relations and their impact on genetic divergence are analyzed between localities in a key path linking the Argentine Northwest with the Northern Arid of Chile. The study was carried out with 1168 individuals from the sites of

Post marital Residence Pattern in Ancient Populations of the North of Chile

“…The phenotypic differences that characterize the structure of the sample reflect the effect of spatial and temporal distance between localities and between sexes (tables 3 and 4, Figure 2), and repeat similar results of previous experiences on the relations between northern Chile and northwestern Argentina [57,58,22].…”

“…This result may be related to different sex-specific activities linked to the obtaining of resources from hunting and gathering of fruits, the practice of agriculture, the raising of llamas and the traffic of products in a vast territorial network. In addition, it is possible to infer patterns of matrilocal residency and male interaction in a larger territorial circuit related to transhumant practices [61], related to the exchange and trade of goods [62] including relations with the northwestern Argentine [58].The residency guidelines reveal the action of evolutionary mechanisms related to migrations, mating patterns and different effective sizes that supported and designed the local and regional genetic configuration. The analysis is interesting because it shows a pattern compatible with a model of matrilocal residence (Table 5) that in the current experience is revealed as an associated practice in archaic groups of Punta de Teatinos, El Cerrito and CaletaHuelén 42, and in agricultural societies of the Agroalfarero period as Calama, Pisagua and San Pedro de Atacama.…”

Residencia posmarital, movilidad y relaciones sociales en el Área Andina Centro-Sur

“…Las diferencias fenotípicas entre regiones (Figura 2) confirman los resultados de experiencias anteriores (Cocilovo, Varela, Fuchs y Valdano 2017; Cocilovo, Varela y Valdano 2017; Varela et al 2008) y sustentan dos modelos de adaptación y desarrollo en ambas vertientes andinas (NCH y NOA) entre las cuales la circulación de personas, el intercambio de productos y el tráfico caravanero entre localidades remotas consolidó un vasto sistema andino de subsistencia. Los valores D 2 entre localidades por región (NCH: 3,74 y NOA: 2,44) reflejan claramente la distinta composición genética de las poblaciones.…”

“…En general, la tasa migratoria masculina es 33 veces mayor que la femenina (Tabla 3). Estas observaciones confirman y amplían los resultados obtenidos con anterioridad abarcando un territorio menor al comparar Puna de Jujuy con San Pedro de Atacama, Calama y Pisagua (Cocilovo, Varela, Fuchs y Valdano 2017; Cocilovo, Varela y Valdano 2017). La mayor divergencia se registró entre los sexos en ambas regiones (5,3%; Tabla 3).…”