South and Central American Snakes

Málaque, Ceila Maria Sant’Ana; Gutiérrez, José Marı́a

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-17900-1_146

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 73 publications

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“…While the gold standard for treating SBE is based on specific antivenom, which have proved to be effective against systemic symptoms and can save the lives of affected people, SBE also leads to long-term sequelae and disabilities, many of them caused by local damage which is mainly neither prevented nor reversed by antivenoms ( 9 ). Despite the variety of toxins, their resulting local tissue damage usually includes myonecrosis, dermonecrosis, hemorrhage, and edema; and also can be accompanied by concomitant infection, compartment syndrome, and bite’s site complications ( 23 ). Moreover, local damage caused by SBE is frequently followed by poor tissue regeneration associated with tissue loss and dysfunction, leading to permanent sequelae as well as consequent social and psychological implication ( 8 , 17 , 20 ).…”

Section: Snakebite Envenoming (Sbe) Relevancementioning

confidence: 99%

Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Based Therapies as Promising Treatments for Muscle Regeneration After Snakebite Envenoming

et al. 2021

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Snakebite envenoming is a global neglected disease with an incidence of up to 2.7 million new cases every year. Although antivenoms are so-far the most effective treatment to reverse the acute systemic effects induced by snakebite envenoming, they have a limited therapeutic potential, being unable to completely neutralize the local venom effects. Local damage, such as dermonecrosis and myonecrosis, can lead to permanent sequelae with physical, social, and psychological implications. The strong inflammatory process induced by snake venoms is associated with poor tissue regeneration, in particular the lack of or reduced skeletal muscle regeneration. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs)-based therapies have shown both anti-inflammatory and pro-regenerative properties. We postulate that using allogeneic MSCs or their cell-free products can induce skeletal muscle regeneration in snakebite victims, improving all the three steps of the skeletal muscle regeneration process, mainly by anti-inflammatory activity, paracrine effects, neovascularization induction, and inhibition of tissue damage, instrumental for microenvironment remodeling and regeneration. Since snakebite envenoming occurs mainly in areas with poor healthcare, we enlist the principles and potential of MSCs-based therapies and discuss regulatory issues, good manufacturing practices, transportation, storage, and related-procedures that could allow the administration of these therapies, looking forward to a safe and cost-effective treatment for a so far unsolved and neglected health problem.

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