South American Entamoeba dispar strains produce amoebic liver abscesses with different pathogenicities and evolutionary kinetics

Silva, Cezar Augusto Vilela da; Oliveira, Isabela Maria Cardoso de; Cruz, Ruth Elizabeth; Prado, G.K.S.; Santos, Flaviane Vieira; Neves, Nívea Cristina Vieira; Gomes, Maria Aparecida; Oliveira, Fabrício Marcus Silva; Caliari, Marcelo Vidigal

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106114

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…dispar has been considered a noninvasive amoeba, studies by Vilela et al . have shown that virulence factors may be selectively expressed in South American strains leading to clinical disease [ 70 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The commensal amoeba E. dispar seems to be more prevalent than E. histolytica with 12% prevalence worldwide [69], likewise in this study, we found E. dispar rather than E. histolytica. Although E. dispar has been considered a noninvasive amoeba, studies by Vilela et al have shown that virulence factors may be selectively expressed in South American strains leading to clinical disease [70].…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular diagnosis of intestinal protozoa in young adults and their pets in Colombia, South America

Potes-Morales

Crespo-Ortiz

2023

PLoS ONE

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Intestinal parasitic infections have been considered a relevant public health problem due to the increased incidence worldwide. In developing countries, diarrhea and gastrointestinal symptoms cause impaired work capacity in adults and delayed rate growth in children. Enteric infections of unknown etiology can often lead to misdiagnosis, increased transmission, and morbidity. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites in a young adult population and their pets. Stool samples from 139 university students and 44 companion animals were subjected to microscopy diagnosis using wet mounts, concentration by zinc sulphate flotation and staining techniques (Kinyoun and trichrome stain). Molecular diagnosis of protozoa was also performed by conventional PCR. The mean age was 24 years, 54% individuals were female, 46% were men, and 66% had at least one pet. The overall prevalence for at least one parasite was 74.8% and the rate of polyparasitism was 37.5%. Eighty-three patients (59.7%) were positive for Blastocystis spp., followed by Cryptosporidium spp. 24.5%, Endolimax nana 13.6%, Entamoeba dispar/E. moshkovskii 7.8% and Giardia intestinalis 1.4%. Molecular diagnosis substantially improved Cryptosporidium spp. and Blastocystis spp. detection and allowed to distinguish E. histolytica from commensals in the Entamoeba complex. Student’s pets were also examined for parasitism. Samples from 27 dogs, 15 cats, one rabbit and one hen were analyzed, and parasites were detected in 30 (68.2%) as follows: Cryptosporidium spp. (24) Giardia spp. (4), hookworm (3), Endolimax nana (2) and Toxoplasma gondii (1). Overall, university students showed high prevalence of parasitism and polyparasitism suggesting exposure to parasite infected animals and contaminated environments. Cryptosporidium spp. was the predominant pathogen in human and domestic animals, and it was only detected by PCR, pointing out the need for sensitive tests in diagnosis and surveillance. Control strategies to prevent the effects of parasitic infections in young population should consider pets as reservoirs and transmission source.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular diagnosis of intestinal protozoa in young adults and their pets in Colombia, South America

Potes-Morales

Crespo-Ortiz

2023

PLoS ONE

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“…Although these two strains are utilized in many past studies focusing on the parasite virulent as a non-virulent control, it is necessary to reconsider the paradigm that exclusively identifies E. histolytica as the pathogen that can lead to serious damage in the large intestine and extraintestinal organs. Newly accumulated suggsets that some E. dispar strains have the potential to induce liver damage in experimental models [ 110 , 111 , 112 , 113 , 114 ]. These discrepancies in virulent characteristics suggests that, for the diverse amoebiasis, each pathological step requires a different mechanism, rather than a simple cascade.…”

Section: Plasticity Of E Histolytica Virulencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Peroxynitrite [106] ND Ability to induce liver abscess in inoculated animals [110][111][112][113][114] [ 64,89,90,106,[110][111][112][113][114]117,134,[136][137][138] Abbreviations: Gal/GalNAc, Galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine; KERP, Lysine(K)-and glutamic acid(E)-rich protein; ADH, protein with an adherence domain; CPADH, complex of CP112 and ADH112; STIRP, serine-, threonine-, and isoleucine-rich proteins; ROM, rhomboid proteases; ESP, excretory-secretory products; CP, cysteine proteases; AP, amoebapores; LPG, lipophosphoglycan; HSP, heat shock proteins; EV, extracellular vesicle; MUC, mucin; SOCS, suppressive of cytokine signaling; NET, neutrophil extracellular trap; ROS, reactive oxygen species; CRT, calreticulin; MIF, macrophage migration inhibitory factor; ND, no data. This act causes tissue damage and inflammation, leading to symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, and bleeding.…”

Section: B) Destruction and Invasion Into Mucosamentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and Plasticity of Virulent Characteristics of Entamoeba histolytica

Yanagawa

Singh

2023

TropicalMed

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The complexity of clinical syndromes of amebiasis, caused by the parasite Entamoeba histolytica, stems from the intricate interplay between the host immune system, the virulence of the invading parasite, and the surrounding environment. Although there is still a relative paucity of information about the precise relationship between virulence factors and the pathogenesis of Entamoeba histolytica, by accumulating data from clinical and basic research, researchers have identified essential pathogenic factors that play a critical role in the pathogenesis of amebiasis, providing important insights into disease development through animal models. Moreover, the parasite’s genetic variability has been associated with differences in virulence and disease outcomes, making it important to fully understand the epidemiology and pathogenesis of amebiasis. Deciphering the true mechanism of disease progression in humans caused by this parasite is made more difficult through its ability to demonstrate both genomic and pathological plasticity. The objective of this article is to underscore the heterogeneous nature of disease states and the malleable virulence characteristics in experimental models, while also identifying persistent scientific issues that need to be addressed.

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“…The complex interactions between the genetic polymorphism in EH influencing the virulence, the host immune system, and the surrounding environment, particularly gut flora, appear to play an important role in imparting such susceptibility[ 1 , 9 - 11 ]. While EH is thought to be the only cause of ALA, a recent study from South America has found DNA sequences of E. dispar from the liver abscess aspirate, raising doubts about its causal involvement[ 12 ]. Recent years have seen the emergence of many new insights into the clinic-epidemiological characteristics, diagnostic techniques, and changing management paradigms for patients with ALA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amebic liver abscess: An update

Kumar,

Patel,

Priyadarshi

et al. 2024

World J Hepatol

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Amebic liver abscess (ALA) is still a common problem in the tropical world, where it affects over three-quarters of patients with liver abscess. It is caused by an anaerobic protozoan Entamoeba hystolytica , which primarily colonises the cecum. It is a non-suppurative infection of the liver consisting primarily of dead hepatocytes and cellular debris. People of the male gender, during their reproductive years, are most prone to ALA, and this appears to be due to a poorly mounted immune response linked to serum testosterone levels. ALA is more common in the right lobe of the liver, is strongly associated with alcohol consumption, and can heal without the need for drainage. While majority of ALA patients have an uncomplicated course, a number of complications have been described, including rupture into abdomino-thoracic structures, biliary fistula, vascular thrombosis, bilio-vascular compression, and secondary bacterial infection. Based on clinico-radiological findings, a classification system for ALA has emerged recently, which can assist clinicians in making treatment decisions. Recent research has revealed the role of venous thrombosis-related ischemia in the severity of ALA. Recent years have seen the development and refinement of newer molecular diagnostic techniques that can greatly aid in overcoming the diagnostic challenge in endemic area where serology-based tests have limited accuracy. Metronidazole has been the drug of choice for ALA patients for many years. However, concerns over the resistance and adverse effects necessitate the creation of new, safe, and potent antiamebic medications. Although the indication of the drainage of uncomplicated ALA has become more clear, high-quality randomised trials are still necessary for robust conclusions. Percutaneous drainage appears to be a viable option for patients with ruptured ALA and diffuse peritonitis, for whom surgery represents a significant risk of mortality.With regard to all of the aforementioned issues, this article intends to present an updated review of ALA.

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South American Entamoeba dispar strains produce amoebic liver abscesses with different pathogenicities and evolutionary kinetics

Cited by 7 publications

References 29 publications

Molecular diagnosis of intestinal protozoa in young adults and their pets in Colombia, South America

Molecular diagnosis of intestinal protozoa in young adults and their pets in Colombia, South America

Diversity and Plasticity of Virulent Characteristics of Entamoeba histolytica

Amebic liver abscess: An update

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