South Africa, 1870‐1970: A View of The Spatial System

What Is Emerging? Understanding Urbanisation Dynamics in BRICS Countries Through a Geographical Approach, the Case of Russia and South Africa

“…Lemon's comment (1982) illustrates this observation: "To the inconvenience of long-distance commuting is added the need to travel to "white" towns for most goods and services". Browett and Fair (1974) support this observation by showing how restrictions resulting from the apartheid policy (control of mobilities towards cities, restricted access to employment or the regulation to open business activities etc.) contradict the implicit rationality of the individual that is underlying in Christaller's theory or the principles of the market law.…”

The South African Urban System

“…Three railway lines were built in the 1890s to connect the Witwatersrand with the commercial ports of Maputo, Durban and Cape Town, based largely on public funding (Turok, 2014). If the coast contained the largest towns and the economic and political centers during the colonial era, the exceptional growth of Johannesburg brought about a switch in the urban structure: the center of gravity in the urban system and the railway network moved towards the interior of the country (Fig.2), starting a profound and persistent pattern of spatial polarization (Browett & Fair, 1974).…”

Transportation planning within the Gauteng Province of South Africa: an overview of instruments on strategic planning between 1970 and 2014

“…These included Houghton [13]; Davies [14] and Browett and Fair [15]. In an assessment of the applicable spatial planning theories and its influence on underpinning the development of spatial systems, Schoeman [16] identifies the stadiums through which the South African National Spatial system has evolved inclusive of a pre-industrial phase (1652 to 1870), Transition Stage (1871 to 1910) and Industrial Stage (1911 to the present).…”