“…Bread-making is an ancient craft that dates back nearly 14,400 years to Neolithic Asia ( Arranz-Otaegui et al, 2018 ) and ancient civilizations from the 26th century BCE ( Seibel, 1994 ; Wood, 1996 ; Diowksz & Ambroziak, 2007 ). All leavened bread was once naturally leavened; but with the industrialization of bread production, natural fermentation in bread-baking became less common ( Diowksz & Ambroziak, 2007 ). Recently, however, naturally fermented sourdough bread has regained popularity at the industrial, artisan, and home-baking scales ( De Vuyst & Neysens, 2005 ; De Vuyst et al, 2014 ; Gobbetti et al, 2016 ; Roesler, 2019 ; Brown, 2020 )—though all such scales of producing sourdough can differ drastically in their development, maintenance strategies, and quality.…”