Sources of variations encountered during the selection and production of three strains of FMD virus for the development of vaccine for use in Nigeria

Preston, K. J.; Owens, Hilary; Mowat, G. N.

doi:10.1016/s0092-1157(82)80046-2

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Although Limited scope of vaccination was conducted using imported vaccines made from non Nigerian serotype A, SAT1 and SAT2 viruses in some farms (Anon, 1977) which did not achieve desired effect under the Nigerian conditions (Mowat et al, 1975;Nawathe and Majiyagbe, 1981). However, Mowat et al, (1975) and Preston et al, (1982) showed suitable vaccine could be made from Nigerian strains and Nicholls et al, (1983) reported satisfactory protection of Nigerian cattle using inactivated vaccines formulated with Nigerian strains with revaccination within interval of six months. This vaccine was not however used on a large scale for the control of FMD in Nigeria as outbreaks continued to occur (Abegunde, 1987).…”

Section: Control Effortsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foot and Mouth Disease in Nigeria- The Current Status and Control Efforts

Olatunde¹,

Makajuola²,

Abiola³

et al. 2014

Int. J. Livest. Res.

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Foot and mouth disease (FMD), is a highly contagious viral trans-boundary disease of both domestic and wild cloven hoofed animals characterized by high morbidity and decreased livestock productivity, while affected countries are being excluded from international animal trade. The first Nigerian reported and typed outbreak was in the early '50s amongst herds from the NorthEast with subsequent reports around the country. These reports confirm endemicity of FMD with serious economic losses due to serotypes A and SAT 2 outbreaks. In an update of FMD by Nwanta and Ojemiren in 1999, serotypes A, O, SAT 1 and SAT 2 were reported as been responsible for disease outbreaks in Northern Nigeria. Antibodies to SAT1 and SAT2 serotypes have also been demonstrated, while Knowles and his colleagues in 2008 reported serotype O and SAT2 from outbreaks. These findings updated the information on the FMD World Reference laboratory, (Pirbright, UK) data base which stated that serotypes O, A, SAT1 and SAT2 have been circulating in Nigeria in the last 54 years (1955-2009). Early detection is essential for effective control and requires rapid, sensitive method of viral serotype diagnosis that is responsible for the outbreak and selection of an appropriate emergency vaccine which is currently unavailable in Nigeria. This challenge forced the local herdsmen to seek for self-help medication (herbs) and a few seek the expertise of Veterinary personnel while others practice the concept called "Dashse" characterized by guarded prognosis due to absence of cross immunity amongst serotypes. Fostered collaboration with development partners as well as neighboring affected countries in areas of control is thus suggested.

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Section: Control Effortsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foot and Mouth Disease in Nigeria- The Current Status and Control Efforts

Olatunde¹,

Makajuola²,

Abiola³

et al. 2014

Int. J. Livest. Res.

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“…The development of new vaccine FMDV strains relies strongly on virus growth and high antigen yields of the new strain in the production cell line. 7 , 131 , 132 We have demonstrated that SAT-type viruses, previously impossible to adapt to cell culture, can be structurally modified by introducing an adaptation phenotype which is able to interact with sulfated glycosaminoglycans, enabling improved vaccine production. 129 Several glycosaminoglycan-binding sites have been identified for the various serotypes that can be used for this purpose.…”

Section: Design Of Improved Inactivated Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges and prospects for the control of foot-and-mouth disease: an African perspective

Maree¹,

Kasanga²,

Scott³

et al. 2014

VMRR

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Abstract:The epidemiology of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in Africa is unique in the sense that six of the seven serotypes of FMD viruses (Southern African Territories [SAT] 1, SAT2, SAT3, A, O, and C), with the exception of Asia-1, have occurred in the last decade. Due to underreporting of FMD, the current strains circulating throughout sub-Saharan Africa are in many cases unknown. For SAT1, SAT2, and serotype A viruses, the genetic diversity is reflected in antigenic variation, and indications are that vaccine strains may be needed for each topotype. This has serious implications for control using vaccines and for choice of strains to include in regional antigen banks. The epidemiology is further complicated by the fact that SAT1, SAT2, and SAT3 viruses are maintained and spread by wildlife, persistently infecting African buffalo in particular. Although the precise mechanism of transmission of FMD from buffalo to cattle is not well understood, it is facilitated by direct contact between these two species.Once cattle are infected they may maintain SAT infections without the further involvement of buffalo. No single strategy for control of FMD in Africa is applicable. Decision on the most effective regional control strategy should focus on an ecosystem approach, identification of primary endemic areas, animal husbandry practices, climate, and animal movement. Within each ecosystem, human behavior could be integrated in disease control planning. Different regions in sub-Saharan Africa are at different developmental stages and are thus facing unique challenges and priorities in terms of veterinary disease control. Many science-based options targeting improved vaccinology, diagnostics, and other control measures have been described. This review therefore aims to emphasize, on one hand, the progress that has been achieved in the development of new technologies, including research towards improved tailored vaccines, appropriate vaccine strain selection, vaccine potency, and diagnostics, and how it relates to the conditions in Africa. On the other hand, we focus on the unique epidemiological, ecological, livestock farming and marketing, socioeconomic, and governance issues that constrain effective FMD control. Any such new technologies should have the availability of safe livestock products for trade as the ultimate goal.

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“…Sheep and goats vaccinated with a trivalent (SAT1, SAT2 and SAT3) oil adjuvant vaccine maintained humoral antibody levels >1.6 log10 titres for up to 240 days for all three SAT antigens [20]. In a 1982 Nigerian study, cattle vaccinated with a trivalent (SAT1, SAT2 and A) vaccine were protected against a homologous intra-dermolingual challenge at 21 days postvaccination [22]. Another study reported that an intra-serotype SAT2 chimeric FMD vaccine could induce strong neutralizing antibody titres that correlated with protection against homologous intradermolingual FMDV challenge in cattle [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%