Sources of Variability in Biomarker Concentrations

Aylward, Lesa L.; Hays, Sean M.; Smolders, Roel; Koch, Holger M.; Cocker, John; Jones, Kate; Warren, Nicholas; Levy, Len; Bevan, Ruth

doi:10.1080/10937404.2013.864250

Cited by 142 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…The role of HBM in the causal exposure-effect relationship, adapted from (Needham, 2005) According to (Aylward et al, 2014), "HBM has become a primary tool for exposure assessment in a wide variety of contexts, including population monitoring at national level, and individual exposure assessments in the context of epidemiological research into potential adverse health effects of chemical exposures" besides other "due to improvements in analytical chemistry, including growing lab capacity and reductions in cost, coupled with the increasing focus on more subtle exposure levels that involve more complex exposure sources and routes of exposure".…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…PBPK models provide a useful way of accounting for the various factors controlling overall compound elimination and how variations in the various factors are translated into concentrations of compound/metabolite in blood and tissues (Aylward et al, 2014 (Angerer et al, 2011). The use of HBM surveys in combination with HBM values or BEs will allow initial screening of population exposure to chemicals, assisting in priority setting and ultimately leading to improved product stewardship and risk management, and the use of actual HBM data coupled with the corresponding BEs has the advantage of allowing a risk assessment under real-world conditions.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Measured biomarker concentrations may hence not be interpreted as direct surrogates for exposure level, and biomarker concentrations may not be assumed to be linearly related to external exposure levels but factors related e.g. to timing of sample collection, biological matrixes and chemical toxicokinetics need to be taken into account (Aylward et al, 2014).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition the biological media selected for sampling affects biomarker concentrations independent of other factors. Finally also disease states in particular renal or hepatic diseases impacts on biomarker variation (Aylward et al, 2014).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…If the biomarker is a deactivated metabolite, the relationship between the blood concentration of that metabolite and the active compound at the target site of interest may not be straightforward (Aylward et al, 2014). Aylward et al (2014) states that any discussion of the application of HBM to chemical exposure characterisation and assessment of variability in biomarkers needs to take into consideration different exposure definitions, such as exposure characterised in terms of external media concentrations, exposure characterised in terms of intake dose or absorbed dose, or exposure defined as peak concentration from a sensitive time point to lifetime. Factors affecting variation in biomarker concentrations may influence the relationship between biomarker concentration and the various exposure definitions in different ways.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Review of the state of the art of human biomonitoring for chemical substances and its application to human exposure assessment for food safety

Choi¹,

Mørck²,

Polcher³

et al. 2015

EFSA Supporting Publications

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Human biomonitoring (HBM) measures the levels of substances in body fluids and tissues. Many countries have conducted HBM studies, yet little is known about its application towards chemical risk assessment, particularly in relation to food safety. Therefore a literature search was performed in several databases and conference proceedings for 2002 -2014. Definitions of HBM and biomarkers, HBM techniques and requirements, and the possible application to the different steps of risk assessment were described. The usefulness of HBM for exposure assessment of chemical substances from food source, and for the implementation of a systematic Post Market Monitoring (PMM) approach for regulated chemical substances was evaluated. An inventory of HBM programmes provides detailed information about study design, analytical methods, reference values (RV) and biomarkers used. Environmental monitoring and associations between HBM values and food, as well as coverage of substances and remaining deficits are highlighted. The review of study results provides information on emerging chemicals, higher exposed and particularly vulnerable populations.Conclusions: HBM can bring added value for chemical risk assessment in food safety areas (namely exposure assessment), and for the implementation of a systematic PMM approach. But further work needs to be done to improve usability. Major deficits are the lack of HBM guidance values on a considerable number of substance groups, for which health based guidance values (HBGVs) have been developed, insufficient knowledge regarding exposure sources, and incomplete dietary intake assessment. Recommendations: We recommend to foster development of HBM based guidance values and validated analytical methods/BMs, stronger inclusion of substances of interest for EFSA in European surveys, expanded monitoring of highly exposed and vulnerable subgroups, uptake of EFSA guidance concerning dietary intake assessment, as well as biobanking, surveillance synergies and targeted research, and an EU wide collaborative approach to support the future use of HBM in PMM.©BiPRO GmbH, 2015 DISCLAIMERThe present document has been produced and adopted by the bodies identified above as author(s). This task has been carried out exclusively by the author(s) in the context of a contract between the European Food Safety Authority and the author(s), awarded following a tender procedure. The present document is published complying with the transparency principle to which the Authority is subject. It may not be considered as an output adopted by the Authority. The European Food Safety Authority reserves its rights, view and position as regards the issues addressed and the conclusions reached in the present document, without prejudice to the rights of the authors. The present document has been produced and adopted by the bodies identified above as author(s). This task has been carried out exclusively by the author(s) in the context of a contract between the European Food Safety Authority and the author(s), awarded foll...

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Review of the state of the art of human biomonitoring for chemical substances and its application to human exposure assessment for food safety

Choi¹,

Mørck²,

Polcher³

et al. 2015

EFSA Supporting Publications

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Comparison of Nicotine and Toxicant Exposure in Users of Electronic Cigarettes and Combustible Cigarettes

et al. 2018

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Key Points Question Are electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) users exposed to known tobacco-related toxicants and, if so, how does the exposure compare with that of combusted tobacco cigarettes? Findings In this population-based cohort study of 5105 participants, current exclusive e-cigarette users had greater concentrations of biomarkers of nicotine, tobacco-specific nitrosamines, volatile organic compounds, and metals compared with never tobacco users. However, these concentrations were lower than those observed in current exclusive cigarette smokers and dual users of both products. Meaning Use of e-cigarettes appears to be associated with exposure to known tobacco-related toxicants, but the exposure is reduced compared with cigarette smoking.

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Exposure Assessment

Paustenbach,

Madl,

Massarsky

2023

Patty's Toxicology

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Exposure assessment is a critical step in the risk assessment process and is an important component of dose–response analysis and interpretation of causal associations in epidemiology studies. Exposure assessment describes the nature, magnitude, duration, and extent to which various populations are exposed to a chemical agent. There are several factors to consider when conducting an exposure assessment, such as contaminated media, route of exposure, timing of exposure (duration, frequency), and bioavailability. This chapter will review the general principles of exposure assessment, as well as methods and available tools for evaluating exposures from different media (air, soil, water, food) and different routes of exposure (dermal, oral, inhalation). Additionally, this chapter will review different methods for quantifying exposures, whether through direct measurement, historical reconstruction, modeling, or biomarkers/biomonitoring. Methods for quantifying variability and uncertainty in the exposure assessment through modeling and sensitivity analyses are also discussed. The field of exposure assessment has made significant advancements over the last several decades. The chapter will end on reflections of several lessons learned over the evolution of exposure assessment and insights for its future.

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Sources of Variability in Biomarker Concentrations

Cited by 142 publications

References 54 publications

Review of the state of the art of human biomonitoring for chemical substances and its application to human exposure assessment for food safety

Review of the state of the art of human biomonitoring for chemical substances and its application to human exposure assessment for food safety

Comparison of Nicotine and Toxicant Exposure in Users of Electronic Cigarettes and Combustible Cigarettes

Exposure Assessment

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