Sources of reactive nitrogen in marine aerosol over the Northwest Pacific Ocean in spring

Li, Luo; Kao, Shuh‐Ji; Bao, Hongyan; Xiao, Hua-Yun; Xiao, Hong‐Wei; Yao, Xin; Gao, Huiwang; Li, Jiawei; Lü, Yangyang

doi:10.5194/acp-2017-846

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The increase in Chl a is consistent with previously modeled result in the Japan Sea (Onitsuka et al, ) and that in the NWPO (Taketani et al, ). Considering the important role of haze particle (regarded as a typical air pollutant) in transferring N from the continent to the ocean, as well as increasing anthropogenic influences on marine aerosols (Kim et al, ; Luo et al, ), our results indicate the crucial role of haze deposition on primary production in the NWPO.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Fertilization of the Northwest Pacific Ocean by East Asia Air Pollutants

Zhang

Ito

Shi

et al. 2019

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

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Haze particles as a key air pollutant contain high level of toxins, which were hypothesized to inhibit phytoplankton growth when deposited to the ocean, and thus indirectly affect the climate. However, field observations have yet to provide conclusive evidence to confirm this hypothesis. Onboard microcosm experiments in the Northwest Pacific Ocean (NWPO) show that haze particles collected at the East Asia continent had an inhibition impact on phytoplankton growth only when at very high particle loading (2 mg/L). In contrast, haze particles at low and medium loadings (0.03–0.6 mg/L) stimulated phytoplankton growth and shifted phytoplankton size structure toward larger cells, primarily due to the supply of inorganic nitrogen nutrients from the particles. Model simulations showed that haze particle loading in NWPO surface seawater was usually more than an order of magnitude lower than 2 mg/L. This indicates that haze particles are unlikely to cause harm but to stimulate phytoplankton growth in the nitrogen‐limited NWPO. Ocean biogeochemical modeling further shows that deposited nitrogen significantly enhanced surface ocean chlorophyll a concentration in the winter and spring of 2014. Overall, these results demonstrate that haze particles stimulate rather than inhibit primary production in the NWPO.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Fertilization of the Northwest Pacific Ocean by East Asia Air Pollutants

Zhang

Ito

Shi

et al. 2019

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

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“…The underlying data for this study have been reposited at the PANGAEA database Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science (https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA. 889124, Luo et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources of reactive nitrogen in marine aerosol over the Northwest Pacific Ocean in spring

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Atmospheric deposition of long-range transport of anthropogenic reactive nitrogen (Nr, mainly comprised of NHx, NOy and water-soluble organic nitrogen, WSON) from continents may have profound impact on marine biogeochemistry. In addition, surface ocean dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) may also contribute to aerosol WSON in the overlying atmosphere. Despite the importance of off-continent dispersion and Nr interactions at the atmosphere–ocean boundary, our knowledge of the sources of various nitrogen species in the atmosphere over the open ocean remains limited due to insufficient observations. We conducted two cruises in the spring of 2014 and 2015 from the coast of China through the East China seas (ECSs, i.e. the Yellow Sea and East China Sea) to the open ocean (i.e. the Northwest Pacific Ocean, NWPO). Concentrations of water-soluble total nitrogen (WSTN), NO3- and NH4+, as well as the δ15N of WSTN and NO3- in marine aerosol, were measured during both cruises. In the spring of 2015, we also analysed the concentrations and δ15N of NO3- and the DON of surface seawater (SSW; at a depth of 5 m) along the cruise track. Aerosol NO3-, NH4+ and WSON decreased logarithmically (1–2 orders of magnitude) with distance from the shore, reflecting strong anthropogenic emission sources of NO3-, NH4+ and WSON in China. Average aerosol NO3- and NH4+ concentrations were significantly higher in 2014 (even in the remote NWOP) than in 2015 due to the stronger wind field in 2014, underscoring the role of the Asian winter monsoon in the seaward transport of anthropogenic NO3- and NH4+. However, the background aerosol WSON over the NWPO in 2015 (13.3 ± 8.5 nmol m−3) was similar to that in 2014 (12.2 ± 6.3 nmol m−3), suggesting an additional non-anthropogenic WSON source in the open ocean. Obviously, marine DON emissions should be considered in model and field assessments of net atmospheric WSON deposition in the open ocean. This study contributes information on parallel isotopic marine DON composition and aerosol Nr datasets, but more research is required to explore complex Nr sources and deposition processes in order to advance our understanding of anthropogenic influences on the marine nitrogen cycle and nitrogen exchange at land–ocean and atmosphere–ocean interfaces.

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“…From the aforementioned results, WSTN concentrations in Asia gradually diminish from north to south, with China exhibiting the highest concentrations, mainly induced by direct or indirect emissions from anthropogenic activities. The majority of locations north of 30 • N exhibited an organic nitrogen ratio of <20% (10-20%), except for the East China Sea (32%) [46]. Locations south of 30 • N exhibited an organic nitrogen ratio of 14-39%, with the majority of locations having a ratio >30%, except for Guangzhou (14%) [57].…”

Section: Concentration Of Major Water-soluble Ionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By contrast, the lowest monthly average concentration usually occurred in summer, at which point the WSIN, WSON, and WSTN had southern sources. Recorded concentrations of WSTN collected in the Asian marginal sea area (Table 6; Figure 8) range from approximately 50 to 350 nmol m −3 , with the highest value of 321 nmol m −3 [46] collected in the East China Sea, which was mainly affected by the emission of anthropogenically derived Nr species in China. The remaining concentrations are as follows, presented in descending order: 196 nmol m −3 in the SCS [20]; 91 nmol m −3 in the north-west Pacific Ocean [47]; and 58 nmol m −3 in the Bay of Bengal [48].…”

Section: Concentration Of Major Water-soluble Ionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Atmospheric Dry Deposition on External Nitrogen Supply and New Production in the Northern South China Sea

Chen

Huang

2018

Atmosphere

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The South China Sea (SCS) is one of the world’s largest oligotrophic marginal seas. Increases in biomass and primary production in the surface layer of the northern SCS are affected by anthropogenic aerosol use among north Asian peoples. The seasonal variation of dry deposition and its contribution to new production in the ocean are vital to determining the effect that such dry deposition has on the biogeochemical cycle of the SCS. This study collected 240 samples of total suspended particles at Dongsha Island in the northern SCS from April 2007 to March 2009; the major ions and water-soluble nitrogen species in the samples were analyzed. The analysis results indicated that the concentration distributions of major water-soluble ions and nitrogen species in total suspended particles exhibited significant seasonal (source) variation. The north-east monsoon seasons (autumn to spring) brought relatively high concentrations because most air masses during this period arrived from the northern continental region. We found that the concentration of nitrogen species shows a latitude distribution, gradually decreasing from north to south. In addition, this study also discovered that the ratio of organic nitrogen to total dissolved or water-soluble nitrogen also varies in a similar manner, resulting in a concentration of <20% for locations north of 30° N and >30% for those south of 30° N. Aerosols at Dongsha Island mainly comprised sea salt; however, significant chloride depletion was observed during the north-east monsoon season. The molar ratio of NH4+ to non–sea salt (NSS) sulfate (nss-SO42−) was 0.8, indicating that the amount of artificially produced NH4+ in the region was insufficient for reaction with nss-SO42−. Therefore, NH4+ was mainly present in the form of NH4HSO4. The fluxes of water-soluble inorganic nitrogen (WSIN) and water-soluble organic nitrogen (WSON) within the region were 23 ± 13 and 27 ± 15 mmol m−2 y−1, respectively. The new production converted from atmospheric water-soluble nitrogen species in the northern SCS was estimated to be 0.52–0.81 mmol C m−2 d−1. This flux made about 5.6–8.7% (the global average was about 3.5%) contribution to the primary production (9.24 mmol C m−2 d−1) of the SCS surface water. This result indicates that the ocean’s external nitrogen supply, provided by anthropogenic aerosols, is vital for the biogeochemical cycle in Asian marginal seas, particularly the northern SCS.

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Sources of reactive nitrogen in marine aerosol over the Northwest Pacific Ocean in spring

Cited by 3 publications

References 25 publications

Fertilization of the Northwest Pacific Ocean by East Asia Air Pollutants

Fertilization of the Northwest Pacific Ocean by East Asia Air Pollutants

Sources of reactive nitrogen in marine aerosol over the Northwest Pacific Ocean in spring

Effects of Atmospheric Dry Deposition on External Nitrogen Supply and New Production in the Northern South China Sea

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