Sources of Prescription Medication Misuse Among Young Adults in the United States

McCabe, Sean Esteban; Teter, Christian J.; Boyd, Carol J.; Wilens, Timothy E.; Schepis, Ty S.

doi:10.4088/jcp.17m11958

Cited by 69 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Fewer studies report on the behaviors surrounding the acquisition and administration of stimulants among students who misuse prescription stimulants and whether these behaviors differ among different subtypes of those who endorse NMUPS. In consensus with others, 6,18 McCabe et al recently reported that among college students who use prescription stimulants nonmedically, 37% received stimulants at no cost from a friend or relative 19 and that most used others' prescriptions 20 . Furthermore, most studies have found that oral administration was the most common route of administration with a minority of students using stimulants intranasally 5,18,21,22 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Disentangling the Social Context of Nonmedical Use of Prescription Stimulants in College Students

et al. 2020

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Background and Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the social context of nonmedical use of prescription stimulants (NMUPS) among college students who endorsed NMUPS with co‐occurring substance use disorders (SUD) compared with those without co‐occurring SUDs. Methods Presented here are new analyses based on data previously collected from college students aged 18 to 28 years derived from the Boston metropolitan area who endorsed NMUPS (N = 100) at least once in their lifetime. Differences between those with lifetime history of SUD (N = 46) and without a history of SUD (N = 54) on the Massachusetts General Hospital ADHD Medication Misuse and Diversion Assessment were analyzed using the Student t test, the Pearson χ2 test, and the Wilcoxon rank‐sum test. Results College students who endorsed NMUPS with co‐occurring SUD were more likely than those without SUD to have bought or traded stimulants, bought or traded in their car, used at parties with drugs/alcohol, or used intranasally (all P < .05). Intranasal administration was common (38% of all students endorsing NMUPS) and was associated with misuse at a party and simultaneous use with cocaine (P = .04), marijuana (P < .001), and alcohol (P < .001), compared with only oral use. Discussion and Conclusions Notable characteristics were identified among individuals who engaged in NMUPS in the type, amount, cost, and ascertainment of stimulants. Scientific Significance The concurrence of SUD and/or intranasal administration appear to represent a more severe phenotype of NMUPS that should be considered in the implementation of future prevention and intervention protocols on college campuses. (Am J Addict 2020;29:476–484)

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Disentangling the Social Context of Nonmedical Use of Prescription Stimulants in College Students

et al. 2020

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“…Secondary school dropout is associated with negative health, social, and economic outcomes (Amos, 2009;Russell, 2011). Youth who do not complete secondary school are at increased risk for unhealthy substance use (Maynard, Salas-Wright, & Vaughn, 2015;McCabe, Teter, Boyd, Wilens, & Schepis, 2018;Reingle Gonzalez et al, 2016).…”

Section: Backg Rou N Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Secondary school dropout is associated with negative health, social, and economic outcomes (Amos, ; Russell, ). Youth who do not complete secondary school are at increased risk for unhealthy substance use (Maynard, Salas‐Wright, & Vaughn, ; McCabe, Teter, Boyd, Wilens, & Schepis, ; Reingle Gonzalez et al, ). In addition, youth who drop out of secondary school prior to graduation have the highest prevalence of opioid misuse compared to other youth (McCabe et al, ; Schepis, Teter, Mccabe, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility and acceptability of a future‐oriented empowerment program to prevent substance use and school dropout among school‐disengaged youth

Stoddard

Hughesdon

Khan

et al. 2020

Public Health Nursing

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Objective To evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a health promotion program to prevent school dropout and substance use among middle school‐aged youth who display early warning signs of school disengagement. Intervention Youth Empowerment Solutions for Positive Futures (YES‐PF), an intensive, theoretically driven, 5‐week summer enrichment program, aims to prevent school dropout and substance use by promoting youth empowerment, school engagement, and future orientation. Design and Sample Using a pre–post‐intervention design, we test feasibility and acceptability with 6th and 7th grade students (n = 43) who exhibited early warning signs for school disengagement (e.g., chronic absenteeism) in two school districts. Measures Program evaluation components included: (a) program session forms completed by facilitators; (b) post‐program interviews with facilitators; (c) post‐intervention program evaluation surveys with youth; (d) attendance; and (e) baseline and post‐intervention surveys with youth to assess behavioral and psychosocial outcomes. Results Facilitators routinely delivered core component lesson activities. Acceptability and program satisfaction were evidenced in strong program attendance by youth. Youth participants reported higher levels of leadership efficacy (p < .05) and a greater sense of control over their lives and potential problems (p < .01). Conclusions YES‐PF was feasible and acceptable to school personnel and youth. Program refinement, based on implementation findings, is discussed.

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“…5,6 Pressure from the academic environment, perceived peer approval and behavior, also the large and diverse social networks of college students may contribute to opioid misuse. 1,[7][8][9][10] Although students have reported misusing opioids for the treatment of emotional pain, it appears that motivation for misuse is largely recreational. 2,6,11 Characteristics specific to college students place them not only at risk for substance use but also to mental health complications, particularly depressive symptoms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening for depression among a sample of US college students who engage in recreational prescription opioid misuse

Davis

Bass

Wade

et al. 2020

Health Promot Perspect

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Background: Among student populations, literature has identified associations between prescription opioid misuse and symptoms of depression such as hopelessness, sadness, and emotional pain. Thus far, existing literature has yet to investigate associations between prescription opioid misuse and depression using validated screening instruments for depression when exploring such associations. The purpose of this study was to utilize a validated screening tool to explore quantifiable presence of depression among college students who engage in recreational prescription opioid misuse (RPOM). Additionally, gender differences in depression and co-occurring substance use are examined. Methods: Students (n = 104) of a large university in the Southeastern United States who reported RPOM within the past 6 months completed instrumentation assessing demographics, substance use, as well as, screening tools for depression and possible opioid use disorder (OUD). Results: Positive depression screens were significantly higher among females, however, nearly 56% of participants screened positive for major depression. Though high levels of co-occurring substance use were observed among the entire sample, males were significantly more likely to report cocaine use, more frequent use of alcohol and marijuana, as well as, exhibit a positive screen for disordered opioid use, at a rate 5 times that of their female counterparts. Conclusion: Students who engage in RPOM are a particularly heightened-risk subsample of the college population who exhibit high levels of depressive symptomatology and substance use behavior. Targeted programming and further investigations are needed among this specific population. Future studies are encouraged to utilize validated instruments when assessing depression among students.

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Sources of Prescription Medication Misuse Among Young Adults in the United States

Cited by 69 publications

References 31 publications

Disentangling the Social Context of Nonmedical Use of Prescription Stimulants in College Students

Disentangling the Social Context of Nonmedical Use of Prescription Stimulants in College Students

Feasibility and acceptability of a future‐oriented empowerment program to prevent substance use and school dropout among school‐disengaged youth

Screening for depression among a sample of US college students who engage in recreational prescription opioid misuse

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