Sources of polyfluoroalkyl compounds in the North Sea, Baltic Sea and Norwegian Sea: Evidence from their spatial distribution in surface water

Spatial distribution of per- and polyfluoroalkyl compounds in coastal waters from the East to South China Sea

“…PFOA, PFHpA and PFBS were the predominated PFCs in this study, and similar results were reported in German coast and Baltic Sea of German (Ahrens et al, 2010a). However, this is not consistent with the results in other studies, which reported that PFOS and PFOA were the dominating compounds in surface water in coastal areas, such as coastal waters of NW Mediterranean , and Cantabrian Sea (Gómez et al, 2011).…”

Trends of polyfluoroalkyl compounds in marine biota and in humans

“…[110] One of the reasons for the high PFOS contamination in guillemot eggs could be the relative high PFC contamination of the Baltic Sea region due to the high anthropogenic influence and the slow rate of water exchange with the North Sea. [70] Spatial distribution of PFCs in seabirds Regarding the spatial distribution of PFCs, in general the PFOS concentrations in livers of white-tailed sea eagles (Haliaeetus albicilla) from Europe (o3.9-127 ng g À1 ww) were severalfold less than those found in bald eagles (H. leucocephalus) from the United States (24-467 ng g À1 ww), [25] whereas PFHxS, PFOA and PFOSA were not detected. In contrast, PFOS concentrations in cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) livers from Southern Italy were in the same order of magnitude (32-150 ng g À1 ww) as those from North American Great Lakes.…”

“…PFOS concentrations showed an increasing temporal trend at both sites with higher concentrations in seals from eastern Greenland, possibly caused by long range transport from continental sources. [70] Ringed seal livers were also collected in the Canadian Arctic from Resolute Bay and Arviat (1992)(1993)(1994)(1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005). [71] In agreement with the results from Greenland, at both Canadian locations PFOS was the major PFC compound followed by PFUnDA 4 PFNA !…”

Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances in sediments from South Bohai coastal watersheds, China

“…The strong C-F bond of PFAS makes them extremely resistant to hydrolysis, thermal, microbiological and photolytical degradation . PFAS are ubiquitous in river water, oceans, sediment, soil, and tissues of wildlife and humans (Ahrens et al, 2010a;Higgins et al, 2005;Wang et al, 2013;Giesy and Kannan, 2001;Bao et al, 2010a;Kannan et al, 2001Kannan et al, , 2002a. They are potentially harmful to fresh water and marine mammals (Ishibashi et al, 2008) and have potential adverse effects in wildlife species (Hoff et al, 2005;Fair et al, 2012;Beach et al, 2005;Newsted et al, 2005Newsted et al, , 2008Giesy et al, 2009).…”