Sources of particulate matter in China: Insights from source apportionment studies published in 1987–2017

Zhu, Yinian; Huang, Lin; Li, Jingyi; Ying, Qi; Zhang, Hongliang; Liu, Xingang; Liao, Hong; Li, Nan; Liu, Zhenxin; Mao, Yuhao; Fang, Hao; Hu, Jianlin

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2018.03.037

Cited by 181 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…The profiles of residential coal combustion (RCC) are mainly detected in regions that have obvious residential coal burning activities, such as northern and western China. The different regions of China are defined in Zhu et al (2018).…”

Section: Overview Of Source Profiles Across Chinamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Industrial emissions are one of the most important PM sources in China (Zhu et al, 2018). Particles from industrial emissions are mainly collected using the DTSM (53 %).…”

Section: Industrial Process Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fugitive dust has been founded to be one of the major sources of urban PM (Chow et al, 2003;Kong et al, 2011;Cao et al, 2012;Zhu et al, 2018), especially in the northern cities in China which have dry climates and limited precipitation (Shen et al, 2016;Cao et al, 2008). Urban fugitive dust is not only influenced by soil properties and geographic location, but also by the mixture of various dust-related sources.…”

Section: Fugitive Dustmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As source profiles have a local characteristic, it is important and necessary to establish and update local source profiles to reveal the real-world source emission situation (Zhang et al, 2017b;Zhu et al, 2018). However, local source profiles are not always available in developing areas due to factors such as limited funds or lack of instruments.…”

Section: Statistical Analysis Of the Source Categoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characteristics of the main primary source profiles of particulate matter across China from 1987 to 2017

Dai

et al. 2019

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Based on published literature and typical profiles from the Nankai University source library, a total of 3326 chemical profiles of the main primary sources of ambient particulate matter (PM) across China from 1987 to 2017 are investigated and reviewed to trace the evolution of their main components and identify the main influencing factors concerning their evolution. In general, the source chemical profiles are varied with respect to their sources and are influenced by different sampling methods. The most complicated profiles are likely attributed to coal combustion (CC) and industrial emissions (IE). The profiles of vehicle emissions (VE) are dominated by organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC), and vary due to the changing standards of sulfur and additives in gasoline and diesel as well as the sampling methods used. In addition to the sampling methods used, the profiles of biomass burning (BB) and cooking emissions (CE) are also impacted by the different biofuel categories and cooking types, respectively. The variations of the chemical profiles of different sources, and the homogeneity of the subtype source profiles within the same source category are examined using uncertainty analysis and cluster analysis. As a result, a relatively large variation is found in the source profiles of CC, VE, IE, and BB, indicating that these sources urgently require the establishment of local profiles due to their high uncertainties. The results presented highlight the need for further investigation of more specific markers (e.g., isotopes, organic compounds, and gaseous precursors), in addition to routinely measured components, in order to properly discriminate sources. Although the chemical profiles of the main sources have been previously reported in the literature, it should be noted that some of these chemical profiles are currently out of date and need to be updated immediately. Additionally, in the future, specific focus should be placed on the source profile subtypes, especially with respect to local IE in China.

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Section: Overview Of Source Profiles Across Chinamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Industrial emissions are one of the most important PM sources in China (Zhu et al, 2018). Particles from industrial emissions are mainly collected using the DTSM (53 %).…”

Section: Industrial Process Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fugitive Dustmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Statistical Analysis Of the Source Categoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characteristics of the main primary source profiles of particulate matter across China from 1987 to 2017

Dai

et al. 2019

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…Carbonaceous material contributes a large amount to atmospheric aerosols from 20% of alpine PM2.5 up to 40% of urban PM2.5 (Pöschl, 2005) and up to 50% in PM10 (Yttri et al, 2007). Major sources include incomplete combustion of fossil and biogenic fuels, emission of primary particles by the biosphere and gas-to-particle conversion of precursor gases emitted 5 by the biosphere or anthropogenic activities (IPCC 2013;Després et al, 2012;Zhu et al, 2018;McNeill, 2017). Carbon containing aerosols influence the global radiation balance due to their optical properties and their capability to act as cloud condensation nuclei and ice nucleating particles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural changes of CAST soot during a thermal-optical measurement protocol

Haller¹,

Rentenberger²,

Meyer³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Thermal-optical measurement techniques are widely used to classify carbonaceous material. The results of different methods for total carbon are comparable, but can vary by >44% for elemental carbon. One major cause of variation is the formation 10 of pyrolyzed carbon during the heating process which occurs mainly in samples with a high amount of brown carbon (BrC).In this study the structural changes of two different CAST aerosol samples caused by the heating procedure in a thermaloptical instrument were investigated with UV-VIS and Raman spectroscopy, the Integrating Sphere technique and transmission electron microscopy. All analysis techniques showed significant structural changes for BrC rich samples at the highest temperature level (870°C) in helium. The structure of the heated BrC-rich sample resembles the structure of an 15 unheated BrC-poor sample. Heating the BrC rich sample to 870°C increases the graphitic domain size within the material from 1.6 nm to 2 nm. Although the Raman spectra unambiguously show this increase of ordering only at the highest temperature step, UV-VIS and IS analyses show a continuous change of the optical properties also at lower temperatures.The sample with a negligible amount of BrC, however, did not show any significant structural changes during the whole heating procedure.

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Effects of corona virus disease‐19 control measures on air quality in North China

Zheng

Guo

et al. 2021

Environmetrics

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Corona virus disease‐19 (COVID‐19) has substantially reduced human activities and the associated anthropogenic emissions. This study quantifies the effects of COVID‐19 control measures on six major air pollutants over 68 cities in North China by a Difference in Relative‐Difference method that allows estimation of the COVID‐19 effects while taking account of the general annual air quality trends, temporal and meteorological variations, and the spring festival effects. Significant COVID‐19 effects on all six major air pollutants are found, with NO2 having the largest decline (−39.6%), followed by PM2.5 (−30.9%), O3 (−16.3%), PM10 (−14.3%), CO (−13.9%), and the least in SO2 (−10.0%), which shows the achievability of air quality improvement by a large reduction in anthropogenic emissions. The heterogeneity of effects among the six pollutants and different regions can be partly explained by coal consumption and industrial output data.

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Sources of particulate matter in China: Insights from source apportionment studies published in 1987–2017

Cited by 181 publications

References 90 publications

Characteristics of the main primary source profiles of particulate matter across China from 1987 to 2017

Characteristics of the main primary source profiles of particulate matter across China from 1987 to 2017

Structural changes of CAST soot during a thermal-optical measurement protocol

Effects of corona virus disease‐19 control measures on air quality in North China

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