Sources of particle number concentration and noise near London Gatwick Airport

Tremper, Anja H.; Jephcote, Calvin; Gulliver, John; Hibbs, Leon R.; Green, David C.; Font, Anna; Priestman, Max; Hansell, Anna; Fuller, Gary W.

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2022.107092

Cited by 14 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(90 reference statements)

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“…We find that in the area of 520 m north and south of the runway extension, the airport contributes about as much to PNC as busy roads. This is consistent with the results of Tremper et al (2022), who found a similarly high PNC near Gatwick Airport as in close proximity to heavily trafficked roads. The large impact of road traffic on PNC found in our study may also be due in part to a larger proportion of diesel vehicles in the fleet compared to study areas in the United States such as those of Hudda et al (2014) or Shirmohammadi et al (2017).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Impact of airport operations and road traffic on the particle number concentration in the vicinity of a suburban airport

Fritz

Grusdat

Sharkey

et al. 2022

Front. Environ. Sci.

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The impact of airports on ambient air pollution is a major concern due to its impact on public health. This study analyzes the sub-micron total particle number concentration (PNC) as a proxy for ultrafine particles in the immediate vicinity of Berlin-Tegel Airport (TXL) based on a mobile measurement campaign in summer 2019. With predominantly westerly winds, 45 measurement runs took place along a 20–30 km route to the east of the airport. The highlights of the study are as follows: 1. Berlin-Tegel Airport had a distinct but a spatially limited impact on the residential areas to the east of the airport. 2. Particle number concentrations in the lee of the airport are significantly higher than the mean of the entire area. 3. Locations along the eastward extension of the runways are significantly more affected than those outside the approach corridor. 4. The impact of airport operations on PNC in the adjacent neighborhood is comparable to the combined impact of busy roads in the area. The closure of Berlin-Tegel Airport at the end of 2020 should have considerably improved the air quality in the residential areas in the close vicinity of the airport.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Impact of airport operations and road traffic on the particle number concentration in the vicinity of a suburban airport

Fritz

Grusdat

Sharkey

et al. 2022

Front. Environ. Sci.

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“…Our results are comparable to Masiol et al (2017), who calculated a 30% contribution of London Heathrow (LHR) airport to total PNC in the vicinity. The observed contribution of the airport to total PNC is higher at LHR and TXL than for London Gatwick Airport (17%) (Tremper et al, 2022) or Venice airport (20%) (Masiol et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…In contrast, during the ongoing operation of an airport, it is possible, for example, to assign particles or emissions to an airport by including different particle sizes (Masiol et al, 2016;Psanis et al, 2017), other air quality parameters like black carbon (Keuken et al, 2012;Austin et al, 2021) or chemical analyses of the collected particles (Ungeheuer et al, 2021). The impact of an airport on PNCs can furthermore be contrasted from other UFP sources statistically, by including regression analyses (i.e., Hsu et al, 2012;Fritz et al, 2022), k-means clustering or positive matrix factorisation (PMF) (Masiol et al, 2017;Tremper et al, 2022) and principal component analyses (Austin et al, 2021). By simultaneously analysing situations that should not be affected by the closure of Frontiers in Environmental Science frontiersin.org the airport, we have ensured that the differences in PNCs between the times before and after the closure are not due to meteorological variations or other contributing factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specifically, PNC depends on the number of flight operations, background concentrations, and the prevailing wind direction. Additional emitters such as road traffic also contribute to airborne particle number concentrations in the surrounding area (Masiol et al, 2017;Fritz et al, 2021;Tremper et al, 2022). On the airfield itself, ground-based operations, taxiing as well as landing and take-off operations (LTO) contribute to UFP emissions (Hsu et al, 2012;Keuken et al, 2015;Lorentz et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of the closure of Berlin-Tegel Airport on ultrafine particle number concentrations on the airfield

Fritz

Aust²,

Sauter

2022

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Airports contribute substantially to ultrafine particle (UFP; <100 nm) concentrations on a local scale. These UFPs, which derive mainly from combustion processes, are generated during take-off and landing of aircraft, during aircraft movements on the tarmac, when engines and turbines are started, and by vehicles transporting goods and people on the airfield. UFPs are considered particularly harmful to human health as their small size enables them to pass far into the human body. This study investigates the extent to which particle number concentrations (PNCs) sized 7–2,000 nm respond to the cessation of air traffic due to the closure of a major airport. PNCs and wind data were monitored with a 5 s resolution at one location on the airfield of Berlin-Tegel Airport (TXL). The station was located 600 –640 m east of the runways and thus downwind of the runways for the predominant wind direction. Observations took place 24 h per day every day for about 3 weeks before and 3 weeks after the closure of the airport. During the measurement campaign, a total of 2,507 take-offs and landings took place. Including all wind directions, this study shows 30 %–40% lower PNCs on average, 2.5-fold lower maximum values as well as a 3-fold lower PNC spread after the closure of the airport. These differences are evident only during the day with active flight operations, and not during the nighttime flight ban. Downwind of the airfield, differences are even higher. After the closure of the airport, average PNCs drop by 70%, maxima by 85%, and variability is reduced by almost 90%. 70% lower and 30% less frequent PNC peaks occur downwind of the airport after flight operations are discontinued. This unique natural experiment allows for relatively clear conclusions about the relevance of airport operations on PNCs in the airfield area. The measurements carried out before and after the closure allow a direct comparison of the PNCs during airport operations and without any. Thus, our study reveals the change in UFP concentration that can be achieved through a reduction in flight operations.

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“…Particle size distribution for the 9 sources identified by the model. Solid lines represent the sources which were also found using PMF inTremper et al (2022), while dashed lines are new findings. Characterization of source 1, which was identified as airport.…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

A dependent Bayesian Dirichlet process model for source apportionment of particle number size distribution

et al. 2022

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The relationship between particle exposure and health risks has been well established in recent years. Particulate matter (PM) is made up of different components coming from several sources, which might have different level of toxicity. Hence, identifying these sources is an important task in order to implement effective policies to improve air quality and population health. The problem of identifying sources of particulate pollution has already been studied in the literature. However, current methods require an a priori specification of the number of sources and do not include information on covariates in the source allocations. Here, we propose a novel Bayesian nonparametric approach to overcome these limitations. In particular, we model source contribution using a Dirichlet process as a prior for source profiles, which allows us to estimate the number of components that contribute to particle concentration rather than fixing this number beforehand. To better characterize them we also include meteorological variables (wind speed and direction) as covariates within the allocation process via a flexible Gaussian kernel. We apply the model to apportion particle number size distribution measured near London Gatwick Airport (UK) in 2019. When analyzing this data, we are able to identify the most common PM sources, as well as new sources that have not been identified with the commonly used methods.

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Sources of particle number concentration and noise near London Gatwick Airport

Cited by 14 publications

References 46 publications

Impact of airport operations and road traffic on the particle number concentration in the vicinity of a suburban airport

Impact of airport operations and road traffic on the particle number concentration in the vicinity of a suburban airport

Impact of the closure of Berlin-Tegel Airport on ultrafine particle number concentrations on the airfield

A dependent Bayesian Dirichlet process model for source apportionment of particle number size distribution

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