Sources of Parent-Offspring Resemblance for Major Depression in a National Swedish Extended Adoption Study

Kendler, Kenneth S.; Ohlsson, Henrik; Sundquist, Kristina; Sundquist, Jan

doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.3828

Cited by 46 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(91 reference statements)

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“…When adjusting for parental propensity scores, the transmission of psychopathology did not entirely explain the Table 4 Hazard rate of suicidal behavior in the offspring generation among offspring exposed to parental suicidal behavior in different comparison groups. transmission of suicidal behavior, which is consistent with both our Cox proportional hazard results and previous literature examining the intergenerational transmission of anxiety, neuroticism, and depression 21,[51][52][53][54][55][56] . The remaining environmental mediation suggests that having a parent who displayed suicidal behavior may confer an increased risk for offspring suicidal behavior through mechanisms such as contagion [5][6][7][8][9] , bereavement after parental loss [10][11][12] , negative parenting style (e.g., hostility) 22,57 , or chaotic home environment [13][14][15] .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…However, the use of the quantitative behavior genetic analyses used a different scale for association (i.e., tetrachoric correlations) and was similar on this scale. Second, the offspringof-siblings design is unable to adjust for environmental factors unique to each nuclear family 55 and address assumptions related to assortative mating 64 . We included both maternal and paternal measured covariates to limit this bias, but we cannot make a definitive causal inference.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The intergenerational transmission of suicidal behavior: an offspring of siblings study

et al. 2020

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We examined the extent to which genetic factors shared across generations, measured covariates, and environmental factors associated with parental suicidal behavior (suicide attempt or suicide) account for the association between parental and offspring suicidal behavior. We used a Swedish cohort of 2,762,883 offspring born 1973-2001. We conducted two sets of analyses with offspring of half-and full-siblings: (1) quantitative behavior genetic models analyzing maternal suicidal behavior and (2) fixed-effects Cox proportional hazard models analyzing maternal and paternal suicidal behavior. The analyses also adjusted for numerous measured covariates (e.g., parental severe mental illness). Quantitative behavior genetic analyses found that 29.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.29, 53.12%) of the intergenerational association was due to environmental factors associated with exposure to maternal suicidal behavior, with the remainder due to genetic factors. Statistical adjustment for parental behavioral health problems partially attenuated the environmental association; however, the results were no longer statistically significant. Cox hazard models similarly found that offspring were at a 2.74-fold increased risk [95% CI, 2.67, 2.83]) of suicidal behavior if their mothers attempted/died by suicide. After adjustment for familial factors and measured covariates, associations attenuated but remained elevated for offspring of discordant half-siblings (HR, 1.57 [95% CI, 1.45, 1.71]) and full-siblings (HR, 1.62 [95% CI, 1.57, 1.67]). Cox hazard models demonstrated a similar pattern between paternal and offspring suicidal behavior. This study found that the intergenerational transmission of suicidal behavior is largely due to shared genetic factors, as well as factors associated with parental behavioral health problems and environmental factors associated with parental suicidal behavior.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The intergenerational transmission of suicidal behavior: an offspring of siblings study

et al. 2020

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“…As expected given this pattern, we found modest evidence for shared environmental effects for both men and women in our sibling analyses. These findings are consistent with our recent results from an extended adoption study of major depression in Sweden (35), which found significant correlations between major depression in adoptive and stepparents and their nonbiological children.…”

Section: Estimation Of Heritability In Twin Studiessupporting

confidence: 93%

The Genetic Epidemiology of Treated Major Depression in Sweden

Kendler

Ohlsson

Lichtenstein

et al. 2018

AJP

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In a large national sample, the heritability of major depression was similar when estimated from twin and full/half-sibling designs. The heritability of major depression was greater in women than in men, with the two sexes sharing most but not all genetic risk factors. In affected individuals, genetic risk for major depression could be meaningfully assessed from commonly available clinical indices.

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“…Notably, of the five affective temperaments, cyclothymic, and hyperthymic temperaments were both significantly and positively associated with recent life event exposure. Our results add to the long debate and ever-expanding research focusing on the relative role of nature or nurture, that is, biological or environmental contributors in the development and severity of depression (26). Although genetic approaches including both candidate gene and GWAS studies generally fail to provide replicable and conclusive results (14,27), temperaments, which develop on a strong genetic and biological basis (28), influence neuroendocrine and autonomic processes (29) and determine emotional and behavioral reactivity with an early manifestation and strong temporal stability, have been repeatedly shown to be associated with depression (30)(31)(32).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Nature and Nurture: Effects of Affective Temperaments on Depressive Symptoms Are Markedly Modified by Stress Exposure

et al. 2020

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Background: Lack of proper consideration of the interaction between biological and environmental factors limits our understanding of the development of depression. Our cross-sectional study investigated whether recent stress influences the effect of affective temperaments on depressive symptoms. Methods: 1015 general population participants completed the Brief Symptom Inventory to capture depressive symptoms, the List of Threatening Experiences Questionnaire to assess recent stressors, and the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis Pisa, Paris, and San Diego Autoquestionnaire to evaluate affective temperaments (TEMPS-A). Linear regression models were built to investigate the effect of temperament and stress on depression, temperament on stress, and the effect of temperament on depressive symptoms in different stress exposure groups. Results: Recent life events and anxious, depressive, cyclothymic, and hyperthymic temperaments significantly predicted depressive symptoms, and cyclothymic, and hyperthymic temperaments significantly predicted recent life event exposure. While in case of mild stress all affective temperaments except irritable predicted depression, in case of moderate exposure only the effect of depressive, cyclothymic, and hyperthymic temperament, while in the high exposure group only the effect of anxious temperament was significant. Limitations: All measures were based on self-report, and subjective impact of life events was not considered. This was a cross-sectional study with a correlational nature which does not allow for causative conclusions. Conclusions: The contribution of affective temperaments to depression is much higher compared to stress, and severity of exposure to life events influences the impact of

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Sources of Parent-Offspring Resemblance for Major Depression in a National Swedish Extended Adoption Study

Abstract: The parent-offspring resemblance for treated MD arises from genetic factors and rearing experiences to an approximately equal extent. Both forms of cross-generational transmission act additively on the risk for MD in the offspring.

Cited by 46 publications

References 40 publications

The intergenerational transmission of suicidal behavior: an offspring of siblings study

The intergenerational transmission of suicidal behavior: an offspring of siblings study

The Genetic Epidemiology of Treated Major Depression in Sweden

Nature and Nurture: Effects of Affective Temperaments on Depressive Symptoms Are Markedly Modified by Stress Exposure

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