Sources of PAHs in the Environment

Howsam, Mike; Jones, Kevin C.

doi:10.1007/978-3-540-49697-7_4

Cited by 125 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…In various concentrations, they have been detected not only in polluted industrial and urbanized areas, but also in soil, water sediments and derivative rocks in environments of different anthropogenic pressure (Coleman et al, 1997;Malawska et al, 2006). Although a vast majority of PAHs is introduced into the environment from anthropogenic sources (Harvey, 1998;Howsam & Jones, 1998) also a relatively small amount of these compounds derive from natural sources (Simoneit, 1998;Wilcke, 2000;Wilcke et al, 2000;. The concentration of anthropogenic PAHs in the environment is usually several times higher than that of PAHs of natural origin.…”

Section: Contaminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Railway Tracks - Habitat Conditions, Contamination, Floristic Settlement - A Review

Galera

Sudnik‐Wójcikowska²

2012

ENRR

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Apart from roads, railways are one of the principal means of transportation. The specificity of rail transportation causes some environmental problems. The study presents a review of the major environmental problems connected with railway transportation. The construction of railway tracks and properties of used materials, as well as the maintenance of railway infrastructure are responsible for the specific habitat condition with alkaline soil reaction and varying but rather high levels of nutrients, which favour plant encroachment and growth. The results of investigations described in this study show clearly that railway transportation causes typical organic and inorganic contamination. Among the most important railway pollutants are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, heavy metals, and to some extent, polychlorinated biphenyls. The study also presents some information about the progress of floristic studies in operating and abandoned railway lines. In addition some trends in the transformation of the flora in abandoned railway areas are discussed: the retreat of alien species with a short life cycle, the encroachment of native perennial plants and an increase in the number of trees.

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Section: Contaminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Railway Tracks - Habitat Conditions, Contamination, Floristic Settlement - A Review

Galera

Sudnik‐Wójcikowska²

2012

ENRR

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“…The PAH emission upon combustion is due either to the pyrosynthesis of PAHs from aliphatic and aromatic precursors in the fuel, or to the survival of PAHs in the starter fuel. 83 The main pyrosynthetic pathways for PAH generation are thought to be an addition process involving C 2 and C 4 radicals 84,85 and the loss of water from benzene derivatives. 86 The PAHs generated upon pyrosynthesis reach the maximum concentration in the high-temperature zones (around 1000 °C), while low PAH concentration occurs in oxygenrich zones.…”

Section: Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Atmosphere: Monitoring, Sources, Sinks and Fate. I: Monitoring and Sources

et al. 2004

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This is the first of a series of two papers intended to review the state-of-the-art knowledge on atmospheric PAHs, concerning their monitoring, sources and transformation processes in the atmosphere. The monitoring section briefly introduces this class of compounds, mainly focusing on the 16 PAHs indicated by the US-EPA as priority pollutants. These compounds undergo partitioning between the gas phase and particulate, which has to be considered in the choice of the sampling methodology. Furthermore, sampling artifacts may arise from further phase transfers inside the sampling device. After sampling, extraction, clean up and detection/quantification procedures will follow. They are closely related since the choice of the extraction technique will heavily condition the clean-up step, and both procedures will place demands on the performance of the detection technique (usually GC-MS or HPLC). This is particularly true in the case of complex samples such as those arising from atmospheric sampling. The sources of atmospheric PAHs are then discussed with a particular focus on receptor models, which can allow the apportionment of PAH sources based on concentration data that can be routinely obtained by pollution control networks.

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“…PAHs have been thoroughly studied due to their toxicity, persistency and environmental prevalence [10][11]. Such studies are often limited to 16 PAHs, designated as priority pollutants by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US-EPA).…”

Section: -Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons concentrations at Baghdad city

Almousawi

Mathkor

Salih

et al. 2018

QJPS

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:The concentrations of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in aerosol samples, which collected for the period (April 2012 to February 2013) at three sites in Baghdad city (AL-Daura refinery, ALDaura power plant and thermal power plant South of Baghdad). These aerosol samples undergone soxhlet extraction.After the extraction, 138 samples were analyzed by GC-MS to determine sixteen PAH compounds. The average concentrations of individual PAHs were measured in ambient air at the various season. The results indicate the spread of most of the sixteen PAHs at three sites in Baghdad city. Effect of sampling locations, seasons and meteorological conditions on the concentrations of PAHs were studied by SPSS. The positive correlation between the temperature and the total PAH concentration was varied in seasons, which indicated the existence of extrusive relationship between temperature and the total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (TPAH) in the chosen sites.

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Sources of PAHs in the Environment

Cited by 125 publications

References 86 publications

Railway Tracks - Habitat Conditions, Contamination, Floristic Settlement - A Review

Railway Tracks - Habitat Conditions, Contamination, Floristic Settlement - A Review

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Atmosphere: Monitoring, Sources, Sinks and Fate. I: Monitoring and Sources

Statistical analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons concentrations at Baghdad city

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