Sources of non-glacial, loess-size quartz silt and the origins of “desert loess”

Smith, Bernard; Wright, Janet; Whalley, W. Brian

doi:10.1016/s0012-8252(02)00066-1

Cited by 102 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…Siltsized particles can, in principle, be generated from sand-sized particles under strong winds via abrasion and ballistic impacts on the basis of theoretical considerations as well as laboratory simulations and fi eld evidence (Whalley et al, 1982;Dutta et al, 1993;Pye, 1995;Wright et al, 1998;Wright, 2001aWright, , 2001bSmith et al, 2002). Muhs et al (1997) and Muhs (2004) point out that dune sand of the Nebraska Sand Hills is relatively mature mineralogically in comparison with most or all source sediments.…”

Section: Nebraska Sand Hillsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Smalley and coworkers, argue that glacial grinding is the only mechanism that can produce signifi cant amounts of silt-sized particles (Smalley, 1966(Smalley, , 1995Smalley and Vita-Finzi, 1968;Smalley and Krinsley, 1978). Other researchers conclude that silt-sized particles can be produced by a variety of processes, including frost weathering, salt weathering, chemical weathering, and fl uvial and eolian comminution (Nahon and Trompette, 1982;Whalley et al, 1982;McTainsh, 1987;Dutta et al, 1993;Wright et al, 1998;Wright, 2001aWright, , 2001bSmith et al, 2002).…”

Section: "Glacial" Loess and "Desert" Loessmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Origin and paleoclimatic significance of late Quaternary loess in Nebraska: Evidence from stratigraphy, chronology, sedimentology, and geochemistry

Muhs

Bettis

Aleinikoff

et al. 2008

Geological Society of America Bulletin

127

104

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Rachel, "Origin and paleoclimatic signifi cance of late Quaternary loess in Nebraska: Evidence from stratigraphy, chronology, sedimentology, and geochemistry" (2008 The spatial variability of particle size abundances in Peoria Loess shows a northwest-to-southeast fi ning in Nebraska, consistent with maps of previous workers that show a northwest-to-southeast thinning of loess. These observations indicate that paleowinds that deposited the loess were from the west or northwest and that the source or sources of Peoria Loess lay to the west or northwest.New mineralogical and geochemical data indicate that the most important sources of loess were likely Tertiary siltstones of the White River and Arikaree Groups, silt facies of Pliocene eolian sediments, and small contributions from Pierre Shale. It is likely that fi ne-grained silts were transported episodically through the Nebraska Sand Hills from

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Section: Nebraska Sand Hillsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: "Glacial" Loess and "Desert" Loessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin and paleoclimatic significance of late Quaternary loess in Nebraska: Evidence from stratigraphy, chronology, sedimentology, and geochemistry

Muhs

Bettis

Aleinikoff

et al. 2008

Geological Society of America Bulletin

127

104

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The presence of fractured mineral grains in association with weathering and soil profiles has been widely reported in the literature. The nature of these mineral grain fracture systems is quite variable, but includes grain boundary fractures, continuous/complete grain fracturing, fracture chains crossing grain boundaries, partial/disjointed grain fractures, brecciated fracture planes, grain collapse into brecciated masses, iron-stained and clay-infilled fractures, tension fractures, and biotite-induced fracturing (Power et al, 1990;Wright, 2002;Smith et al, 2002). Smith et al (2002) identify five fundamental mechanisms by which fracturing of mineral grains, especially quartz, might occur.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incipient weathering rind development on introduced machine‐polished granite discs in an Arctic alpine environment, northern Scandinavia

Dixon

Campbell

Thorn

et al. 2005

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Weathering rinds, zones of alteration on the exterior surfaces of rock outcrops and coarse unconsolidated surficial debris are widely used by geomorphologists and Quaternary geologists as indicators of the relative age of landforms and landscapes. Additionally they provide unique insights into the earliest stages of rock and mineral weathering, yet the origin of these alteration zones is relatively poorly understood. This lack of understanding applies especially to the initial stages of rind formation. The study reported in this paper has two principal objectives. The first is to use lightly polished granite discs inserted in soil profiles under several different plant communities in an Arctic alpine environment for a period of four or five years to investigate the nature of incipient weathering rind development. The second is to investigate the factors responsible for spatial variability in the nature and rates of rind formation.Incipient weathering rind development on the outer edges of the granite discs is observable and measurable over a period of time as short as four years in the mild Arctic alpine environment of Swedish Lapland. The earliest stages of rind development involve the development of a porous structure consisting of a combination of pits and fractures which have been solutionally enlarged and modified. Solution appears to be preferentially concentrated on the surfaces of feldspars and, to a lesser extent, quartz. In addition, iron oxides are present along grain boundaries and in grain interiors and are interpreted to have been derived from the oxidation of ferromagnesian minerals. Spatial variability in weathering rind development appears to be particularly driven by differences in moisture but is not related to soil pH.

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“…There has been considerable discussion about the possibility of producing particles by aeolian impact [4,[15][16][17].…”

Section: Impact Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loess and dust on Earth and Mars: particle generation by impact mechanisms

O’Hara-Dhand

Taylor²,

Smalley

et al. 2010

Open Geosciences

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Impact between windblown quartz grains as a source of desert dust is consistent with laboratory abrasion experiments and has received some field confirmation in the Negev. The suggestion is that an important process on Mars now gains support from laboratory studies; even though their geochemical interpretation is controversial, they show that dust generation by impact is tenable even for quartz. A simple mechanism for small dust production from sand seas is proposed; internal stresses can be mobilized by impact energy. A speculative mechanism (the andesite scenario) is proposed for fine particle production by particle impact on Mars. The internal stress range in terrestrial sand grains may vary, depending on the nature of the source rock, and this may influence particle production by impact processes.

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Sources of non-glacial, loess-size quartz silt and the origins of “desert loess”

Cited by 102 publications

References 114 publications

Origin and paleoclimatic significance of late Quaternary loess in Nebraska: Evidence from stratigraphy, chronology, sedimentology, and geochemistry

Origin and paleoclimatic significance of late Quaternary loess in Nebraska: Evidence from stratigraphy, chronology, sedimentology, and geochemistry

Incipient weathering rind development on introduced machine‐polished granite discs in an Arctic alpine environment, northern Scandinavia

Loess and dust on Earth and Mars: particle generation by impact mechanisms

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