Sources of moisture for China and their variations during drier and ­wetter conditions in 2000−2004: a Lagrangian approach

Drumond, Anita; Nieto, Raquel; Gimeno, Luis

doi:10.3354/cr01043

Cited by 91 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…FLEXPART has been applied in the pursuit of similar goals in several regions of the world, including the Sahel [6], the Sahelian Sudan [38], the Orinoco River Basin [39], China [40], the Amazon River Basin [41], and several continental regions [42].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Niger River Basin Moisture Sources: A Lagrangian Analysis

2017

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Abstract:The Niger River basin (NRB) is located in the important climatic region of the African Sahel. In this study we use the Lagrangian tridimensional model FLEXPART v9.0 to identify and characterise the moisture sources for the NRB. This method allows the integration of the budget of evaporation minus precipitation over 10-day backward trajectories, thereby identifying the origins of the air masses residing over the NRB. The analysis was performed for the 35-year period from 1980 to 2014, which allowed us to identify the main semi-annual climatological moisture sources of the NRB, for November-April (NDJFMA) (dry season) and May-October (MJJASO) (wet season), and to quantify the respective moisture uptakes. Throughout the year, the NRB main moisture sources are located on the tropical eastern North Atlantic Ocean near Africa, the tropical eastern South Atlantic Ocean in the Gulf of Guinea, in the regions surrounding the Sahel and in the Mediterranean Sea. The extents of these sources vary between dry and wet seasons. In NDJFMA two regions appear in the east of the basin, which then join up, forming a larger source to the northeast of the basin in MJJASO, when three other less important moisture sources can be seen in central-equatorial Africa, the tropical western Indian Ocean and the Persian Gulf. In NDJFMA the majority of the moisture uptake comes from the NRB itself but then, later in MJJASO, when the precipitation increases over the basin the greatest uptake of moisture occurs over the tropical eastern South Atlantic Ocean, northeast Africa and the NRB, which suggests that these are the effective sources of precipitation in the basin in overall terms. The seasonal moisture uptake quantification over the moisture sources of the NRB, reveals that largest fraction of moisture income to the basin from outside its boundaries. Despite providing moisture to the NRB the source located in the tropical eastern North Atlantic Ocean does not contribute that much to precipitation in the basin. A daily (ten-day) backward analysis shows the importance of the moisture uptake within the NRB and from near moisture sources during the first few (backward) days, while the Atlantic Ocean sources and the Mediterranean became more important during the last five (backward) days of the analysis.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Niger River Basin Moisture Sources: A Lagrangian Analysis

2017

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“…Using this method, Stohl and James studied the main flooding events and periods with intensive precipitation in central Europe, including the area around and within the DRB [11]. This approach has been extensively and successfully used in many regions throughout the world, including the Orinoco river basin [13], the Sahel [14], China [15], Iceland [16], Central America [17], the Mediterranean region [18], and the Sahelian Sudan region [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracking the Origin of Moisture over the Danube River Basin Using a Lagrangian Approach

et al. 2016

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Abstract:In this study, we investigate the sources of moisture (and moisture for precipitation) over the Danube River Basin (DRB) by means of a Lagrangian approach using the FLEXPART V9.0 particle dispersion model together with ERA-Interim reanalysis data to track changes in atmospheric moisture over 10-day trajectories. This approach computes the budget of evaporation-minus-precipitation by calculating changes in specific humidity along forward and backward trajectories. We considered a time period of 34 years, from 1980 to 2014, which allowed for the identification of climatological sources and moisture transport towards the basin. Results show that the DRB mainly receives moisture from seven different oceanic, maritime, and terrestrial moisture source regions: North Atlantic Ocean, North Africa, the Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea, Caspian Sea, the Danube River Basin, and Central and Eastern Europe. The contribution of these sources varies by season. During winter (October-March) the main moisture source for the DRB is the Mediterranean Sea, while during summer (April-September) the dominant source of moisture is the DRB itself. Moisture from each source has a different contribution to precipitation in the DRB. Among the sources studied, results show that the moisture from the Mediterranean Sea provides the greatest contribution to precipitation in the basin in both seasons, extending to the whole basin for the winter, but being more confined to the western side during the summer. Moisture from the Caspian and Black Seas contributes to precipitation rather less.

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“…However, such numerical noise may be partly mitigated by the large numbers of particles contained in an atmospheric column. A more detailed description of the use of this Lagrangian approach and backward/forward analysis for tracking moisture can be found in many research studies which have used this method for tracking variation and/or identification of moisture sources in many different worldwide regions, such as the Mediterranean region [33], Central America [34], Iberian Peninsula [35], Iceland [36], Greenland [37], China [38], and Niger River basin [39].…”

Section: Moisture Sources Anomaliesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wet Spells and Associated Moisture Sources Anomalies across Danube River Basin

Ciric

Nieto

Ramos

et al. 2017

Water

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Abstract:The Danube River Basin is the second longest catchment basin in Europe and exhibits intense climatological diversity. In recent decades, the frequency and intensity of daily precipitation extremes have suffered from an increment in many parts of the world, including Central and Eastern Europe. Wet spells are defined by the number of consecutive rainy days with different thresholds. The identification of wet spells and their trends in the rainfall time is very important for many sectors, such as agriculture, ecology, hydrology and water resources. Wet spells can lead to extreme events and cause floods and other disasters. In this study, we will attempt to characterise global precipitation in the context of wet spells and associated precipitation depth of wet spells in the Danube River Basin area using daily precipitation data, as well as analysing different approaches to identifying wet spells. The ten most intense wet spells were detected, and the most intense, which occurred on 23 September 1996, was studied in depth in terms of precipitation and associated anomalies, the synoptic situation and the anomalous transport of moisture using a Lagrangian approach. The existence of a marked west-east dipole in the field of sea level pressure between the Atlantic Ocean and the eastern Mediterranean leads to the anomalous moisture transport from the Northern Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea, where a higher available amount of moisture existed, and subsequently penetrated within the low positioned over the Danube River Basin. In addition, an Atmospheric River was also responsible for the wet conditions in the Danube River Basin. The combination of all these factors was responsible for the extreme precipitation linked with the wet spell.

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Sources of moisture for China and their variations during drier and wetter conditions in 2000−2004: a Lagrangian approach

Cited by 91 publications

References 31 publications

The Niger River Basin Moisture Sources: A Lagrangian Analysis

The Niger River Basin Moisture Sources: A Lagrangian Analysis

Tracking the Origin of Moisture over the Danube River Basin Using a Lagrangian Approach

Wet Spells and Associated Moisture Sources Anomalies across Danube River Basin

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Sources of moisture for China and their variations during drier and ­wetter conditions in 2000−2004: a Lagrangian approach

Cited by 91 publications

References 31 publications

The Niger River Basin Moisture Sources: A Lagrangian Analysis

The Niger River Basin Moisture Sources: A Lagrangian Analysis

Tracking the Origin of Moisture over the Danube River Basin Using a Lagrangian Approach

Wet Spells and Associated Moisture Sources Anomalies across Danube River Basin

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Sources of moisture for China and their variations during drier and wetter conditions in 2000−2004: a Lagrangian approach