SOURCES OF INFECTION BY PHYSIOLOGICAL RACES OF <i>PSEUDOMONAS PHASEOLICOLA</i> BURKHOLDER (DOWSON) IN DWARF BEANS

Wharton, L.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3059.1967.tb00357.x

Cited by 3 publications

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References 3 publications

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“…Race 2 was not obtained from runner beans. This agrees with the findings of Wharton (1967) and suggests that race z may not yet have become established in runner-bean crops in this country.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

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Bacteriophage and serological methods for the identification of Pseudomonas phaseolicola (Burkh.) Dowson

Taylor¹

1970

Annals of Applied Biology

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S U M M A R YRapid phage and serological methods were compared with biochemical and bean-pod inoculation tests for the identification of Pseudomonas phaseolicola. Phages I I P, I z P and 48 P were highly specific and did not lyse any of forty-five other isolates from bean or the sixteen species of Pseudomonas tested. They were also, however, unable to lyse the rough colony forms of P. phaseolicola which were occasionally isolated. Phage 1 2 S lysed a wide range of Pseudomonas spp., including a proportion of P . phaseolicola isolates, the majority of which were race 2. Serological tests showed that the heatlabile antigen possessed by P . phaseolicola was common to twelve other species of plant pathogenic pseudomonads. The heat-stable antigen was more specific and was detected only in P. rnors-prunorum and P. primulae, neither of which occurs on bean. The two races of P . phaseolicola were indistinguishable in serological tests. It was concluded that both phage and antiserum tests provide specific, rapid and easily applied methods for the routine identification of P. phaseolicola isolates from plant and seed material.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The use of phage in race determination was further investigated using a collection of forty P. phaseolicola cultures, isolated and race typed by Wharton (1967).…”

Section: Race Dtrerencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteriophage and serological methods for the identification of Pseudomonas phaseolicola (Burkh.) Dowson

Taylor¹

1970

Annals of Applied Biology

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Races of Pseudomonas phaseolicola causing halo blight of beans in New Zealand

Hale

Taylor

1973

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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Detection of infection by Pseudomonas phaseolicola (Burkh.) Dowson in white‐seeded dwarf bean seed stocks

Wharton

1967

Annals of Applied Biology

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S U M M A R YSeeds of white-seeded varieties of dwarf beans infected with Pseudomonas phaseolicola may show fluorescent areas in the testa under ultra-violet light. Fluorescence is not visible in seed with dark-coloured testas and is masked by coloured seed dressings. Bacterial infection is not the only cause of fluorescence in testas and the type and colour of the fluorescence cannot be used to diagnose infection. Of 542 fluorescing seeds examined I IZ were infected by the pathogen, and only six infected seeds were found in 495 non-fluorescing seeds from the same samples. It is estimated that in two seed stocks used for these experiments 64 and 68 yo of infected seeds were of the fluorescent type.A 34 Ib sample of seedstock has to be taken for examination to detect, with 95 yo confidence, ten infected seeds in I cwt. The selection of all fluorescing seeds from such large samples effectively concentrates the infected seed into a sampIe small enough to be tested by bacteriological methods.Test seeds are examined bacteriologically by enrichment-culture in nutrient broth. Ps. phaseolicola is identified in these cultures from the diagnostic symptoms of halo-blight disease induced in bean seedlings inoculated with aliquots of the cultures. I N T R O D U C T I O NSerious outbreaks of halo-blight disease, originating from infected seedstocks, occurred in dwarf bean crops grown in southern England during 1964 (Wharton, 1966). From the field observations it was estimated that contamination of seedstocks might prove serious if it exceeded ten diseased seeds per cwt. One method of controlling the disease is to ensure that seed drilled is not heavily infected and for this a suitable test is required. The distribution of infected seed in a stock is assumed to follow a Poisson distribution. To detect infected seeds in I cwt with IOO ( I-P) % confidence it is necessary to examine a total sample of W = -IIZ;, log, p lb, where r = the mean number of infected seeds per cwt. T o detect ten infected seeds in I cwt of seedstock a sample of 34 Ib should, with 95 yo confidence, contain infected seeds. Katznelson & Sutton (1951) and Katznelson, Sutton & Bayley (1954) used a bacteriophage-multiplication technique to examine dwarf bean seed for seed infected by Pseudomonas phaseolicola (Burkholder) Dowson and Xanthomonas phaseoli (Smith) Dowson, the bacteria causing halo-blight and common blight diseases. Guthrie, 306 A. L. WHARTON Huber & Fenwick (1965) detected seed infected with Ps. phaseolicola by serological methods. Fenwick (1965) subsequently prepared a standard procedure for the serological detection of the halo-blight pathogen in bean seed by a slide agglutination method, for use by American seed firms.

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SOURCES OF INFECTION BY PHYSIOLOGICAL RACES OF PSEUDOMONAS PHASEOLICOLA BURKHOLDER (DOWSON) IN DWARF BEANS

Cited by 3 publications

References 3 publications

Bacteriophage and serological methods for the identification of Pseudomonas phaseolicola (Burkh.) Dowson

Bacteriophage and serological methods for the identification of Pseudomonas phaseolicola (Burkh.) Dowson

Races of Pseudomonas phaseolicola causing halo blight of beans in New Zealand

Detection of infection by Pseudomonas phaseolicola (Burkh.) Dowson in white‐seeded dwarf bean seed stocks

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