Sources of Excitation and Models for Cylindrical Gear Dynamics: A Review

Bruzzone, Fabio; Rosso, Carlo

doi:10.3390/machines8030037

Cited by 20 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 146 publications

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“…The test bench was designed to measure the STE in a couple of engaging gears. The target of the test bench is to experimentally evaluate the variation of the angular position during meshing [1]. In order to obtain such a measure, two gears are driven on the test bench by very slow-moving loads.…”

Section: Test Bench Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Geared transmissions are widely used in mechanisms to transmit motion and power in a variety of fields. One of the main sources of possible dynamic overloads or Noise, Vibration and Harshness (NVH) problems is considered to be the Static Transmission Error (STE) [1]. By definition, the STE is the difference between the angular position under load in a pair of engaging gears and the theoretical one.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Methodology for Measuring Actual Mesh Stiffness in Gear Pairs

Rosso,

Bruzzone,

Lisitano

et al. 2024

Vibration

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The measurement of the meshing stiffness in gear pairs is a technological problem. Many studies have been conducted, but a few results are available. A tailored test bench was designed and realized to measure the Static Transmission Error in two mating gears to address this issue. The bench is capable of testing several kinds of gears, e.g., spur, helical, conical, and internal, and it measures the transmission error concerning the applied torque. The Static Transmission Error is due to the variable stiffness of the gear teeth during a mesh cycle. In this paper, a dynamical method for measuring gear mesh stiffness is presented. The tooth stiffness is estimated from the torsional modal behavior of the rotating parts of the test bench. The dynamics of the system are acquired using accelerometers and very precise encoders to measure the angular accelerations and displacements of rotating parts. The torsional mode shapes are identified; those that show a vibrational behavior of the gears that do not follow the transmission ratio’s sign of the mating kinematic condition are selected because they depend on the flexibility of the teeth. In such a way, the engagement stiffness is estimated from the natural frequencies of the selected mode-shapes and the known inertia of gears and shafts. The experimentally identified results are also compared with numerical values computed with a commercial software for mutual validation.

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Section: Test Bench Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Methodology for Measuring Actual Mesh Stiffness in Gear Pairs

Rosso,

Bruzzone,

Lisitano

et al. 2024

Vibration

Self Cite

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show abstract

“…They are principally related to dynamic phenomena, which become even more important as the rotational speed increases. For those reasons a wide literature is available to study dynamic behavior of gear engagement both numerically and experimentally ( [3][4][5][6]). The most important parameter introduced in such studies is the Dynamic Factor (DF), which is the ratio between the loads in dynamic conditions with respect to the nominal one [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Web Flexibility in Gear Engagement: A Proposal of Analysis Strategy

Bruzzone

Rosso

2022

Vibration

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Increasing torque and power density in geared transmissions is a constant trend, especially due to the electrification and the research of higher efficiency. Thinner web of the gears has led to potentially higher vibration amplitudes and noise levels, which need to be accounted for in the design stage to avoid fatigue or NVH problems. In the present paper a novel model to represent the dynamic interaction in geared transmissions is presented. The compliances of the shafts are taken into account in two different ways: in a simple strategy, by means of three-dimensional beam elements; in a more detailed methodology, by reduction in a FE model of the gear and shaft assembly. The different gears are connected using kinematic relationships exploited by means of rigid joints and rigid body elements. The flexibility of the teeth and of the gear body is introduced based on an established nonlinear calculation model and is employed as the only dynamic excitation source as a time varying mesh stiffness. Thanks to the reduced size of the matrices a direct integration scheme is used for the time domain analysis of the transmission. Such methodology enables the possibility of modeling dynamic contact loss and torque variations at different rotational velocities with reduced computational times in comparison to other approaches. The technique is then applied to two different geometries of driven gear: one with solid web and one with flexible web. The dynamic behavior of the two different solutions is studied and the differences are highlighted. The proposed approach proves to be more efficient than traditional multibody analyses and quicker than finite element approaches, while maintaining a similar accuracy. It proves to be effective also for studying the transmission with flexible web.

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“…Gear transmission system is one of the most critical parts of mechanical equipment, and its dynamic characteristics directly affects the stable operation of the equipment. Thus, gear dynamics has always been a hot topic for the past decades [1][2][3]. Tunlin et al [4] proposed the concept of equivalent mesh stiffness and the first simple mass-spring model of gear dynamics, laying the theoretical foundation for the gear dynamic model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear dynamics analysis of gear system considering time-varying meshing stiffness and backlash with fractal characteristics

Xia

Meng

Zhang

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The microscopic topography of tooth surface affects the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of the gear system. However, few studies have fully taken into account the effects of microscopic topography on time-varying meshing stiffness (TVMS) and backlash in gear dynamics. In this context, this study derives TVMS and time-varying backlash with fractal characteristics based on fractal theory, and introduced them into a 6-DOF nonlinear dynamic model. With various nonlinear dynamics analysis tools, the dynamic characteristics of the gear system under different fractal parameters are investigated. The results indicate that the increase of the fractal dimension or the decrease of the characteristic scale coefficient leads to a smoother tooth surface, larger TVMS, and smaller amplitude of backlash. The effect of fractal dimension is more sensitive than characteristic scale coefficient. Furthermore, in the low-speed region, the increase of fractal dimension has a positive effect on the dynamic response of the system, and can reduce the amplitude of transmission error. In the high-speed region, the opposite is true. It is worth pointing out that the influence of fractal dimension on gear dynamic characteristics is nonlinear. Considering the machining cost and dynamic response of gear, the fractal dimension of 1.5 is the best choice. The influence of characteristic scale coefficient on system dynamics is similar to that of fractal dimension but weak.

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Sources of Excitation and Models for Cylindrical Gear Dynamics: A Review

Cited by 20 publications

References 146 publications

A Methodology for Measuring Actual Mesh Stiffness in Gear Pairs

A Methodology for Measuring Actual Mesh Stiffness in Gear Pairs

Effect of Web Flexibility in Gear Engagement: A Proposal of Analysis Strategy

Nonlinear dynamics analysis of gear system considering time-varying meshing stiffness and backlash with fractal characteristics

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