Abstract. Relationships among Psammodromus algirus populations from the Iberian Peninsula and North Africa, including recently described P. jeanneae and P. manuelae, were estimated from mitochondrial DNA gene sequences. This enlarged data set confirmed the presence of two divergent eastern and western mitochondrial DNA lineages on the Iberian Peninsula, the distributions for which are separated by a narrow zone of contact across the centre of the Peninsula. Paratypes of P. jeanneae and topotypes of P. manuelae represent southern and northern clades of the western lineage, respectively, making P. algirus paraphyletic. This, together with the low level of allozymic and mitochondrial DNA substructuring within western populations, is not sufficient to retain P. jeanneae and P. manuelae as valid species, and we relegate them to the status of junior synonyms of P. algirus.Keywords: Iberian Peninsula, lacertid lizards, mitochondrial DNA, Psammodromus algirus, Psammodromus jeanneae, Psammodromus manuelae.Since its original designation as a species in 1758, Psammodromus algirus has been considered representative of a single, invariant, species throughout the Iberian Peninsula. Recently, however, Carranza et al. (2006) . In this analysis we utilize DNA sequences from seven mitochondrial genes and take advantage of a larger, more robust, specimen sample including the holotype and paratypes of P. jeanneae and topotypes of P. manuelae to revisit the phylogeography of Iberian P. algirus. This expanded data set allows us to infer genetic relationship among populations of P. algirus, P. manuelae and P. jeanneae throughout much of its current geographical range on Iberia and to revise the taxonomy of this group with special reference to the status of P. manuelae and P. jeanneae.A total of 104 individuals from 68 populations, including most samples used by Carranza et al. (2006) and , the holotype and one paratype of Psammodromus jeanneae (E232055 and 232056, respectively), topotypes of P. manuelae (E232060 and 232062) and 32 specimens from 16 previously unsampled populations ( fig. 1), were sequenced. Psammodromus h. hispanicus from Encinasola (Huelva province) and P. h. edwarsianus from Sierra de Baza (Granada province) served as outgroups (following Carranza et al., 2006).Total genomic DNA was extracted from ∼40 mg of tissue using the Qiagen BioSprint 15 DNA Kit ® following the manufacturer's protocol. Resulting DNA was visually inspected after migration on agarose gels and quantified with a NanoDrop spectophotometer. Amplifications were performed in 50 μl of 1× reaction buffer, 2 mM MgCl 2 , 0.4 μM each primer, 0.2 mM each dNTP, 1.25 U of GoTaq Flexi DNA Polymerase (Promega), and 3 μl of previously extracted DNA (50-100 ng). A 709 bp fragment of © Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 2010.