Sources of Chromium Contamination in Soil and Groundwater

Testa, Stephen M.; Guertin, Jacques; Jacobs, James A.; Avakian, Cynthia P.

doi:10.1201/9780203487969.ch4

Cited by 20 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The hexavalent form of chromium is highly soluble in water, mobile in the environment, toxic, mutagenic, carcinogenic [18,54], and it is the most frequently used in industrial processes [55]. The trivalent form is less soluble and mobile [54], 100 times less toxic [10] and 1,000 times less mutagenic [31] than the hexavalent form.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of tolerance to Cr(VI) and Cr(VI) reduction by sulfate ion in a Candida yeast strain isolated from tannery wastewater

Guillén-Jiménez

Morales-Barrera

Morales-Jiménez

et al. 2008

J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol

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The main aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the sulfate ion on the tolerance to Cr(VI) and the Cr(VI) reduction in a yeast strain isolated from tannery wastewater and identified as Candida sp. FGSFEP by the D1/D2 domain sequence of the 26S rRNA gene. The Candida sp. FGSFEP strain was grown in culture media with sulfate concentrations ranging from 0 to 23.92 mM, in absence and presence of Cr(VI) [1.7 and 3.3 mM]. In absence of Cr(VI), the yeast specific growth rate was practically the same in every sulfate concentration tested, which suggests that sulfate had no stimulating or inhibiting effect on the yeast cell growth. In contrast, at the two initial Cr(VI) concentrations assayed, the specific growth rate of Candida sp. FGSFEP rose when sulfate concentration increased. Likewise, the greater efficiencies and volumetric rates of Cr(VI) reduction exhibited by Candida sp. FGSFEP were obtained at high sulfate concentrations. Yeast was capable of reducing 100% of 1.7 mM Cr(VI) and 84% of 3.3 mM Cr(VI), with rates of 0.98 and 0.44 mg Cr(VI)/L h, with 10 and 23.92 mM sulfate concentrations, respectively. These results indicate that sulfate plays an important role in the tolerance to Cr(VI) and Cr(VI) reduction in Candida sp. FGSFEP. These findings may have significant implications in the biological treatment of Cr(VI)-laden wastewaters.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of tolerance to Cr(VI) and Cr(VI) reduction by sulfate ion in a Candida yeast strain isolated from tannery wastewater

Guillén-Jiménez

Morales-Barrera

Morales-Jiménez

et al. 2008

J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol

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“…Human hair is naturally exposed to a certain amount of chromium [104] that come from various sources [105][106][107]. Excessive and repeated exposures of chromium in certain environmental condition cause discoloration of blond, dyed-blond, and white hair (to become green) [108][109][110] and cause rapid hair fall [111,112].…”

Section: Hair Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dermatologic Toxicities and Biological Activities of Chromium

Jumina¹,

Harizal²

2021

Trace Metals in the Environment - New Approaches and Recent Advances

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Chromium is a versatile metal with various industrial applications and biological activities. However, as a transition metal, this element forms several species, i.e. oxidation states of −4 to +6, with different degrees of toxicities that affect ecosystems and organisms including human beings. The skin is the outermost organ that usually interacts directly with chromium species in nature. These contact and interaction induce the formation of several acute and chronic negative effects including contact dermatitis, skin cancer, allergy, etc. In this chapter, toxicity and biological activity of several chromium species, such as chromium zero-valent, trivalent, hexavalent, will be reviewed to obtain better comprehension in chromium toxicity. Sources and routes of exposure, toxicity and possible treatment, and biological activity on the skin are arranged and explained systematically.

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“…Inorganic constituents include heavy metals [46]. Table 1 summarizes some effects among populations exposed to these impurities [47,48] and also includes the maximum permissible limit of the contaminant along with contamination sources [49,50,51,52,53].…”

Section: The Consequences Of Water Pollutants On the Human Bodymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review of Microfluidic Water Quality Monitoring Sensors

Jaywant

Arif

2019

Sensors

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Water crisis is a global issue due to water contamination and extremely restricted sources of fresh water. Water contamination induces severe diseases which put human lives at risk. Hence, water quality monitoring has become a prime activity worldwide. The available monitoring procedures are inadequate as most of them require expensive instrumentation, longer processing time, tedious processes, and skilled lab technicians. Therefore, a portable, sensitive, and selective sensor with in situ and continuous water quality monitoring is the current necessity. In this context, microfluidics is the promising technology to fulfill this need due to its advantages such as faster reaction times, better process control, reduced waste generation, system compactness and parallelization, reduced cost, and disposability. This paper presents a review on the latest enhancements of microfluidic-based electrochemical and optical sensors for water quality monitoring and discusses the relative merits and shortcomings of the methods.

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Sources of Chromium Contamination in Soil and Groundwater

Cited by 20 publications

References 16 publications

Modulation of tolerance to Cr(VI) and Cr(VI) reduction by sulfate ion in a Candida yeast strain isolated from tannery wastewater

Modulation of tolerance to Cr(VI) and Cr(VI) reduction by sulfate ion in a Candida yeast strain isolated from tannery wastewater

Dermatologic Toxicities and Biological Activities of Chromium

A Comprehensive Review of Microfluidic Water Quality Monitoring Sensors

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