Sources of cellular oxidative potential of water-soluble fine ambient particulate matter in the Midwestern United States

Wang, Yixiang; Puthussery, Joseph V.; Yu, Haoran; Liu, Yicen; Salana, Sudheer; Verma, Vishal

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127777

Cited by 22 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…Densely populated rural areas, where bush burning and burning of trash is common, and vehicular fleets are older than those in urban areas, might lead to air pollution exposures comparable to traditionally urban areas. Studies from other areas of the world have suggested that air pollution exposures are also high in rural areas, and rural activities such as bush burning are a risk to health [ 76 – 78 ]. Finally, we found that the exposures, outcomes, study designs, and methodologies used in the studies varied widely; so much so, that we were unable to provide a quantitative synthesis of the results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ambient air pollution and non-communicable respiratory illness in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review of the literature

et al. 2022

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Introduction Aerosol pollutants are known to raise the risk of development of non-communicable respiratory diseases (NCRDs) such as asthma, chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and allergic rhinitis. Sub-Saharan Africa’s rapid pace of urbanization, economic expansion, and population growth raise concerns of increasing incidence of NCRDs. This research characterizes the state of research on pollution and NCRDs in the 46 countries of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This research systematically reviewed the literature on studies of asthma; chronic bronchitis; allergic rhinitis; and air pollutants such as particulate matter, ozone, NOx, and sulfuric oxide. Methods We searched three major databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus) using the key words “asthma”, “chronic bronchitis”, “allergic rhinitis”, and “COPD” with “carbon monoxide (CO)”, “sulfuric oxide (SO)”, “ozone (O3)”, “nitrogen dioxide (NO2)”, and “particulate matter (PM)”, restricting the search to the 46 countries that comprise SSA. Only papers published in scholarly journals with a defined health outcome in individuals and which tested associations with explicitly measured or modelled air exposures were considered for inclusion. All candidate papers were entered into a database for review. Results We found a total of 362 unique research papers in the initial search of the three databases. Among these, 14 met the inclusion criteria. These papers comprised studies from just five countries. Nine papers were from South Africa; two from Malawi; and one each from Ghana, Namibia, and Nigeria. Most studies were cross-sectional. Exposures to ambient air pollutants were measured using spectrometry and chromatography. Some studies created composite measures of air pollution using a range of data layers. NCRD outcomes were measured by self-reported health status and measures of lung function (spirometry). Populations of interest were primarily schoolchildren, though a few studies focused on secondary school students and adults. Conclusions The paucity of research on NCRDs and ambient air pollutant exposures is pronounced within the African continent. While capacity to measure air quality in SSA is high, studies targeting NCRDs should work to draw attention to questions of outdoor air pollution and health. As the climate changes and SSA economies expand and countries urbanize, these questions will become increasingly important.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ambient air pollution and non-communicable respiratory illness in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review of the literature

et al. 2022

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“…The cellular OP of different PM 2.5 fractions was measured by the macrophage ROS assay, which is conducted on rat macrophage cell line NR 8383. A detailed description of this assay is provided in our previous publication 26 and also in Section S3 of the Supporting Information. Briefly, cells, DCFH-DA, and the sample were incubated at 37 °C and 5% CO 2 for 2.5 h, after which a small aliquot of the mixture was withdrawn and measured for its fluorescence at 488 nm excitation and 530 nm emission wavelengths.…”

Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Watersoluble Fe on these samples was measured using a NexION 300X inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS; PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA). 26 The total Fe was measured with a Shimadzu EDX-7000 energy-dispersive X-ray fluo- rescence spectrometer (Shimadzu Co.). A circular section with a diameter of 16 mm was punched from the filter and loaded into a small polyethylene cup, which used an ultralean film at the bottom.…”

Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Relative Contribution of Iron and Organic Compounds, and Their Interaction in Cellular Oxidative Potential of Ambient PM_2.5

Wang

Salana

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.

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Previous studies have indicated the roles of both organic compounds and metals in driving the cellular generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS); however, their contribution has not been adequately quantified using mechanistic approaches. We developed a novel fractionation scheme for the stepwise removal of various classes of organic compounds and metals using a combination of solid phase extraction columns. We applied this fractionation scheme to 10 PM 2.5 samples collected from the midwestern United States. Because both watersoluble organic carbon (WSOC) and Fe have shown good correlations with cellular ROS, we separated them into different fractions and measured their ability to generate ROS in rat alveolar macrophages. Most of the PM 2.5 cellular ROS was attributed to the metallic fraction. To further explore the reason for the correlation of WSOC with ROS, we investigated the water solubility of Fe by measuring the total Fe in PM 2.5 samples. The water-soluble fraction of Fe was tightly correlated with WSOC (r ≥ 0.69), indicating WSOC may have an additional role in cellular oxidative potential, probably through complexation of Fe, in enhancing its water solubility and macrophage ROS activity. This work reveals the role of both Fe and organic compounds through different mechanisms in contributing to PM 2.5 -driven cellular ROS.

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“…A systematic time-series analysis [ 58 ] found population, urban ratio, and vegetation greenness as key socio-economic drivers of PM 2.5 . Studies have revealed that the effects of different sources on human health can be different since all the components of PM 2.5 are not equally toxic [ 59 ]. Out of all major sources such as biomass burning, diesel vehicles, and dust to PM 2.5 , biomass burning was positively co-related with respiratory illness in the St. Louis metropolis [ 60 ].…”

Section: Fine Particulates (Pm 25 ): Importance Pr...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Out of all major sources such as biomass burning, diesel vehicles, and dust to PM 2.5 , biomass burning was positively co-related with respiratory illness in the St. Louis metropolis [ 60 ]. Besides PM mass, nowadays, PM 2.5 oxidative potential (OP) is considered a metric to understand PM toxicity [ 59 ]. The largest contribution to the cellular OP was from SOA (> 54%) in the urban region but from agricultural activities (62%) in the rural region of the mid-west US.…”

Section: Fine Particulates (Pm 25 ): Importance Pr...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms and Pathways for Coordinated Control of Fine Particulate Matter and Ozone

et al. 2022

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Purpose of Review Fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) and ground-level ozone (O 3 ) pose a significant risk to human health. The World Health Organization (WHO) has recently revised healthy thresholds for both pollutants. The formation and evolution of PM 2.5 and O 3 are however governed by complex physical and multiphase chemical processes, and therefore, it is extremely challenging to mitigate both pollutants simultaneously. Here, we review mechanisms and discuss the science-informed pathways for effective and simultaneous mitigation of PM 2.5 and O 3 . Recent Findings Global warming has led to a general increase in biogenic emissions, which can enhance the formation of O 3 and secondary organic aerosols. Reductions in anthropogenic emissions during the COVID-19 lockdown reduced PM 2.5 ; however, O 3 was enhanced in several polluted regions. This was attributed to more intense sunlight due to low aerosol loading and non-linear response of O 3 to NO x . Such contrasting physical and chemical interactions hinder the formulation of a clear roadmap for clean air over such regions. Summary Atmospheric chemistry including the role of biogenic emissions, aerosol-radiation interactions, boundary layer, and regional-scale transport are the key aspects that need to be carefully considered in the formulation of mitigation pathways. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the chemical effects of the emission reductions, changes in photolytic rates and boundary layer due to perturbation of solar radiation, and the effect of meteorological/seasonal changes are needed on a regional basis. Statistical emulators and machine learning approaches can aid the cumbersome process of multi-sector multi-species source attribution.

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Sources of cellular oxidative potential of water-soluble fine ambient particulate matter in the Midwestern United States

Cited by 22 publications

References 98 publications

Ambient air pollution and non-communicable respiratory illness in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review of the literature

Ambient air pollution and non-communicable respiratory illness in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review of the literature

On the Relative Contribution of Iron and Organic Compounds, and Their Interaction in Cellular Oxidative Potential of Ambient PM_2.5

Mechanisms and Pathways for Coordinated Control of Fine Particulate Matter and Ozone

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Sources of cellular oxidative potential of water-soluble fine ambient particulate matter in the Midwestern United States

Cited by 22 publications

References 98 publications

Ambient air pollution and non-communicable respiratory illness in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review of the literature

Ambient air pollution and non-communicable respiratory illness in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review of the literature

On the Relative Contribution of Iron and Organic Compounds, and Their Interaction in Cellular Oxidative Potential of Ambient PM2.5

Mechanisms and Pathways for Coordinated Control of Fine Particulate Matter and Ozone

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On the Relative Contribution of Iron and Organic Compounds, and Their Interaction in Cellular Oxidative Potential of Ambient PM_2.5