Sources, health effects and control strategies of indoor fine particulate matter (PM2.5): A review

Li, Zhisheng; Wen, Qingmei; Zhang, Ruilin

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.029

Cited by 178 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 111 publications

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“…Suggesting that when compared to indoor workers, outdoor workers such as street traders, beggars, market sellers, road construction workers, and children in open schools within Port Harcourt metropolis are more at risk of adverse health effects associated with PAHs induced by petroleum-based particulate matter pollution [16,18]. The notable negation of study results from similar studies [96][97][98] in which higher levels of indoor PAHs were observed, is likely to result from the difference in geographic location, seasonal variations, and source of particulate matter inducing the PAHs [72,75]. Deaths recorded from the outdoor experimental exposed rats are likely to result from tissue toxicity beyond the bearable limit and immune suppression prompted by oxidative stress and alteration of DNA methylation and expression of speci c genes [44,65,94,95,[99][100][101][102], as caution was taken prevent physical stress and trauma on the rats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Levels In Wistar Rats Exposed To Ambient Air Of Port Harcourt, Nigeria: An Indicator For Tissue Toxicity

Kanee

Ede

Maduka

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Over the years, the ambient air quality of Port Harcourt metropolis has deteriorated largely because of the petrochemical and hydrocarbon activities. This study, therefore, investigated the PAH levels in wistar rats exposed to ambient air of Port Harcourt metropolis.Method: Using an animal model, this study evaluated the blood PAH concentrations as an indicator of toxicity in living tissues exposed to ambient air polluted with particulate matter in Port Harcourt metropolis. Twenty (20) Wistar rats imported from a non-polluted city (Enugu) were exposed to both indoor and outdoor air for 90 days. Following the IACUC regulation, baseline data were obtained from 4 randomly selected animals, while the remaining 16 rats (8 each for indoor and outdoor) were left till day 90. Blood samples from the animals were obtained by cardiac puncture, and the PAHs concentrations were determined using Gas Chromatography Flame-Ionization Detector (GC-FID). GraphPad Prism (version 8.0.2) Sidak’s (for multiple data set) and unpaired t-tests (for two data sets) were used to evaluate the differences in group means at 95% confidence level.Result: Seven (7) of the PAHs found in indoor and outdoor rats were absent in blood tissues of baseline rats. The total mean concentrations of PAH were (82%), (13%), and (5%) in outdoor, indoor, and baseline animal groups respectively. Additionally, Dibenz(a,h)anthracene, Indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene, Pyrene, 2-methyl, and other carcinogenic PAHs were all significantly higher (P<0.05) in outdoor samples when compared to the indoor and baseline samples.Conclusion: The results demonstrated that the ambient air of Port Harcourt was highly concentrated with PAHs. Vulnerable groups such as outdoor workers, pregnant women, children and infants, and terminally ill are the most susceptible to the health risks posed by these pollutants. Therefore, urgent environmental and public health measures are necessary to mitigate the looming danger.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Levels In Wistar Rats Exposed To Ambient Air Of Port Harcourt, Nigeria: An Indicator For Tissue Toxicity

Kanee

Ede

Maduka

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…This study was focused on the decomposition of long-term variations in the population exposure to outdoor PM 2.5 , which were measured using a satellite remote sensing technique. The exposure to indoor PM 2.5 would also negatively impact human health [34]. The indoor and outdoor exposure levels differ because of factors such as the spatial variability of the PM 2.5 concentration and outdoor-to-indoor infiltration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decomposing the Long-term Variation in Population Exposure to Outdoor PM2.5 in the Greater Bay Area of China Using Satellite Observations

et al. 2019

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The Greater Bay Area (GBA) of China is experiencing a high level of exposure to outdoor PM2.5 pollution. The variations in the exposure level are determined by spatiotemporal variations in the PM2.5 concentration and population. To better guide public policies that aim to reduce the population exposure level, it is essential to explicitly decompose and assess the impacts of different factors. This study took advantage of high-resolution satellite observations to characterize the long-term variations in population exposure to outdoor PM2.5 for cities in the GBA region during the three most-recent Five-Year Plan (FYP) periods (2001–2015). A new decomposition method was then used to assess the impact of PM2.5 variations and demographic changes on the exposure variation. Within the decomposition framework, an index of pollution-population-coincidence–induced PM2.5 exposure (PPCE) was introduced to characterize the interaction of PM2.5 and the population distribution. The results showed that the 15-year average PPCE levels in all cities were positive (e.g., 6 µg/m3 in Guangzhou), suggesting that unfavorable city planning had led to people dwelling in polluted areas. An analyses of the spatial differences in PM2.5 changes showed that urban areas experienced a greater decrease in PM2.5 concentration than did rural areas in most cities during the 11th (2006–2010) and 12th (2011–2015) FYP periods. These spatial differences in PM2.5 changes reduced the PPCE levels of these cities and thus reduced the exposure levels (by as much as -0.58 µg/m3/year). The population migration resulting from rapid urbanization, however, increased the PPCE and exposure levels (by as much as 0.18 µg/m3/year) in most cities during the three FYP periods considered. Dongguan was a special case in that the demographic change reduced the exposure level because of its rapid development of residential areas in cleaner regions adjacent to Shenzhen. The exposure levels in all cities remained high because of the high mean PM2.5 concentrations and their positive PPCE. To better protect public health, control efforts should target densely populated areas and city planning should locate more people in cleaner areas.

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“…In the building sciences, including the areas of indoor air quality [13,19,[24][25][26], dampness and mold [27], thermal comfort [5,[28][29][30][31][32], acoustics [6,33], green buildings [4,34,35], lighting [36,37], and indoor environmental quality (IEQ) [9,[38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48], chamber and field studies are the predominant experimental approaches for conducting human subject research relating measures of physical conditions to human outcomes. Typically, chambers are the dimensions of a small to medium-sized office and are equipped with building systems (e.g., ventilation system, lighting, sound masking) capable of maintaining stable experimental conditions.…”

Section: Experimental Design In Building Sciencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The built environment directly impacts human health and well-being, making building design and operation crucial for managing and improving public health [2][3][4]. Human outcomes frequently identified as being impacted by the built environment include comfort (e.g., thermal [5] and acoustic comfort [6,7]), performance [8,9], sleep [10], stress [11,12], pollutant exposure [13], and a wide range of other health and behavioral outcomes, such as musculoskeletal pain [14], posture [15], pathogen transmission [16][17][18], allergen exposure [19,20], workplace collaboration [21], and privacy [22,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Spatial and Temporal Variability of the Indoor Environmental Quality during Three Simulated Office Studies at a Living Lab

et al. 2019

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The living lab approach to building science research provides the ability to accurately monitor occupants and their environment and use the resulting data to evaluate the impact that various components of the built environment have on human comfort, health, and well-being. A hypothesized benefit of the living lab approach is the ability to simulate the real indoor environment in an experimentally controlled setting over relatively long periods of time, overcoming a significant hurdle encountered in many chamber-type experimental designs that rarely reflect typical indoor environments. Here, we present indoor environmental quality measurements from a network of sensors as well as building system design and operational data demonstrating the ability of a living lab to realistically simulate a wide range of environmental conditions in an office setting by varying air temperature, lighting, façade control, and sound masking in a series of three human subject experiments. The temporal variability of thermal and lighting conditions was assessed on an hourly basis and demonstrated the significant impact of façade design and control on desk-level measurements of both factors. Additional factors, such as desk layout and building system design (e.g., luminaires, speaker system), also contributed significantly to spatial variability in air temperature, lighting, and sound masking exposures, and this variability was reduced in latter experiments by optimizing desk layout and building system design. While ecologically valid experimental conditions are possible with a living lab, a compromise between realism and consistency in participant experience must often be found by, for example, using an atypical desk layout to reduce spatial variability in natural light exposure. Based on the experiences from these three studies, experimental design and environmental monitoring considerations for future office-based living lab experiments are explored.

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Sources, health effects and control strategies of indoor fine particulate matter (PM2.5): A review

Cited by 178 publications

References 111 publications

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Levels In Wistar Rats Exposed To Ambient Air Of Port Harcourt, Nigeria: An Indicator For Tissue Toxicity

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Levels In Wistar Rats Exposed To Ambient Air Of Port Harcourt, Nigeria: An Indicator For Tissue Toxicity

Decomposing the Long-term Variation in Population Exposure to Outdoor PM2.5 in the Greater Bay Area of China Using Satellite Observations

The Spatial and Temporal Variability of the Indoor Environmental Quality during Three Simulated Office Studies at a Living Lab

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