Sources, Fate and Transport of Perfluorocarboxylates

Prevedouros, Konstantinos; Cousins, Ian T.; Buck, Robert C.; Korzeniowski, Stephen H.

doi:10.1002/chin.200611255

Cited by 94 publications

(156 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Some studies suggested that PFOS and PFOA will reside in the aquatic compartment, to a greater extent than in the atmospheric medium (36). Gradual decreasing trends of PFCs in water and soils with the distance from the plant implied that the area directly influenced by the release of PFCs due to manufacturing are relatively small (<2 km in this work).…”

Section: Figure 1 the Concentrations Of Pfcs In Soil Surrounding Thementioning

confidence: 65%

Distribution of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate and Other Perfluorochemicals in the Ambient Environment around a Manufacturing Facility in China

Wang

et al. 2010

Environ. Sci. Technol.

132

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Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) can be released to the surrounding environment during manufacturing and usage of PFC containing products, which are considered as main direct sources of PFCs in the environment. This study evaluates the release of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and other PFCs to the ambient environment around a manufacturing plant. Among the nine PFCs analyzed, only PFOS, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) were found in dust, water, soil, and chicken eggs. Very high concentrations of PFOS and PFOA were found in dust from the production storage, raw material stock room, and sulfonation workshop in the manufacturing facility, with the highest value at 4962 µg/g (dry weight) for PFOS and 160 µg/g for PFOA. A decreasing trend of the three PFCs concentrations in soils, water, and chicken eggs with increasing distance from the plant was found, indicating the production site to be the primary source of PFCs in this region. Risk quotients (RQs) assessment for surface water >500 m away from the plant were less than unity. Risk assessment of PFOS using predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC, 3.23 ng/g on a logarithmic scale) indicated no immediate ecological risk of a reduction in offspring survival. PFOS concentrations in most egg samples did not exceed the benchmark concentration derived in setting a reference dose for noncancer health effects (0.025 µg/(kgxd)).

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Section: Figure 1 the Concentrations Of Pfcs In Soil Surrounding Thementioning

confidence: 65%

Distribution of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate and Other Perfluorochemicals in the Ambient Environment around a Manufacturing Facility in China

Wang

et al. 2010

Environ. Sci. Technol.

132

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“…FTOs are formed as a byproduct during FTOHs synthesis, and FTOHs are used as precursors to produce FTAs for fluorotelomer-based polymers. 9 NMeFOSE had a significant (r = 0.74, p < 0.01) correlation with NEtFOSE, and both were also significantly correlated with 8:2 FTO, 8:2 FTA, 8:2 FTOH, 10:2 FTOH, and 12:2 FTOH, suggesting that those compounds came from the same source regions. The two short-chain PFCs, 4:2 FTOH and NMeFBSA, were significantly (r = 0.49, p < 0.01) correlated with each other, suggesting these compounds are related to new products.…”

Section: Articlementioning

confidence: 89%

“…This trend is not surprising, given that the source of these compounds appears to be directly related to human population density. 9 Higher concentrations of 6:2 FTOH were measured at Guiyang (C8) and Taiyuan (C14), the cities with the largest coal and mine industries in China. Their use in lubricants in the mining machinery may be a factor here.…”

Section: Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has also been suggested that fluorinated telomer olefins (FTO) will degrade to form PFCAs. 9 Another mechanism predicts that the atmospheric transport of precursor PFCs is insignificant in comparison to direct oceanic transport; 9 a comparison of measured oceanic concentrations coupled with oceanic transport models seems to support this theory. 10 A third hypothesis is that PFOS and PFCAs may be emitted from primary sources in association with particulate matter and be directly transported long-distances in the atmosphere attached to particles, 11 supported by some studies which found PFOS and/ or PFOA on environmental particles.…”

Section: ' Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Several factories are located in Asia, including Japan, India, and China. 9 The primary olefin used in the synthesis of APFN is 8:2 FTO.…”

Section: ' Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perfluorinated Compounds in the Asian Atmosphere

Vento

Schuster

et al. 2011

Environ. Sci. Technol.

145

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There is interest in the production, use, and environmental occurrence of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) across Asia and the Asian contributions to the burden of these compounds reaching the Arctic and other remote regions via long-range transport. A spatial survey of perfluorinated compounds was therefore undertaken across China, India, and Japan in 2009 using passive air samplers. Target analytes were fluorotelomer olefins (FTOs), acrylates (FTAs), alcohols (FTOHs), sulfonamides, and sulfonamidoethanols. Wide variations in concentrations and mixtures of compounds were apparent from the study. Generally the FTOHs were the most abundant, followed by 8:2 FTO in China and Japan and by the sulfonamides in India. There was a general decline in PFC concentration from urban, rural, to remote locations. Background stations reflected regional differences in air mass composition. A site in the west Pacific Ocean exhibited a Japanese profile in which 8:2 FTO and 8:2 FTOH were predominant. In contrast, a southern Indian profile with high 4:2 FTOH concentrations was observed at a background site in southern China.

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Perfluoroalkyl substances in eggs and plasma of an avian top predator, great skua (Stercorarius skua), in the north Atlantic

Leat

Bourgeon

Eze

et al. 2013

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Abstract-Temporal, biological, and environmental factors affecting accumulation of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are poorly understood in comparison with legacy lipid-soluble persistent organic pollutants. Temporal and biological comparisons of PFAS concentrations were made in great skuas (Stercorarius skua), a marine apex predator. Concentrations of 16 PFASs were quantified, including C4-C10 perfluorosulfonates (PFSAs), perfluorooctanesulfonamide (PFOSA), and C5-C14 perfluorocarboxylates (PFCAs). Concentrations of PFASs (ng/g wet wt) were significantly higher in eggs collected in Shetland in 2008 compared with 1980 for most compounds. However, the magnitude of the differences was small, with a mean increase of 3 ng/g. Levels of PFASs in great skuas were low compared with those of other seabirds in similar ecological niches; and in contrast to other contaminants measured in the same eggs, concentrations of PFASs did not correlate with trophic level. Concentrations of PFASs in adult plasma were significantly higher in males than in females for most PFASs. This suggests that maternal transfer through egg laying may be a significant mode of elimination of PFASs in female great skuas. The low concentrations of PFASs in eggs and plasma compared with other halogenated organic contaminants and other species suggest that great skuas do not bioaccumulate PFASs to the same extent as some other seabirds. Environ.

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Sources, Fate and Transport of Perfluorocarboxylates

Abstract: The supporting information provides additional details describing the basis and computations for the direct and indirect source emissions as well as environmental inventories and sinks.

Cited by 94 publications

References 1 publication

Distribution of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate and Other Perfluorochemicals in the Ambient Environment around a Manufacturing Facility in China

Distribution of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate and Other Perfluorochemicals in the Ambient Environment around a Manufacturing Facility in China

Perfluorinated Compounds in the Asian Atmosphere

Perfluoroalkyl substances in eggs and plasma of an avian top predator, great skua (Stercorarius skua), in the north Atlantic

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