Sources, distribution, and acidity of sulfate–ammonium aerosol in the Arctic in winter–spring

Fisher, Jenny A.; Jacob, Daniel J.; Wang, Qiaoqiao; Bahreini, R.; Carouge, C.; Cubison, M. J.; Dibb, Jack E.; Diehl, Thomas; Jimenez, José L.; Leibensperger, E. M.; Lü, Zifeng; Meinders, M.B.J.; Pye, Havala O. T.; Quinn, Patricia K.; Sharma, Sangeeta; Streets, David G.; Donkelaar, Aaron van; Yantosca, Robert M.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.08.030

Cited by 227 publications

(255 citation statements)

References 127 publications

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“…This winter maximum is less pronounced in the observations, suggesting that N 2 O 5 hydrolysis in the model may be too fast as discussed further below. The model does not capture the observed high values of ammonium wet deposition in the upper Midwest, as previously noted by Fisher et al (2011), likely because of regional underestimate of emissions. Our national scaling factors are derived from NH x measurements in the east (Fig.…”

Section: Deposition Patterns and Surface Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 73%

Nitrogen deposition to the United States: distribution, sources, and processes

et al. 2012

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Abstract. We simulate nitrogen deposition over the US in 2006-2008 by using the GEOS-Chem global chemical transport model at 1/2 • ×2/3 • horizontal resolution over North America and adjacent oceans. US emissions of NO x and NH 3 in the model are 6.7 and 2.9 Tg N a −1 respectively, including a 20 % natural contribution for each. Ammonia emissions are a factor of 3 lower in winter than summer, providing a good match to US network observations of NH x (≡NH 3 gas + ammonium aerosol) and ammonium wet deposition fluxes. Model comparisons to observed deposition fluxes and surface air concentrations of oxidized nitrogen species (NO y ) show overall good agreement but excessive wintertime HNO 3 production over the US Midwest and Northeast. This suggests a model overestimate N 2 O 5 hydrolysis in aerosols, and a possible factor is inhibition by aerosol nitrate. Model results indicate a total nitrogen deposition flux of 6.5 Tg N a −1 over the contiguous US, including 4.2 as NO y and 2.3 as NH x . Domestic anthropogenic, foreign anthropogenic, and natural sources contribute respectively 78 %, 6 %, and 16 % of total nitrogen deposition over the contiguous US in the model. The domestic anthropogenic contribution generally exceeds 70 % in the east and in populated areas of the west, and is typically 50-70 % in remote areas of the west. Total nitrogen deposition in the model exceeds 10 kg N ha −1 a −1 over 35 % of the contiguous US.

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Section: Deposition Patterns and Surface Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 73%

Nitrogen deposition to the United States: distribution, sources, and processes

et al. 2012

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“…Further, no significant correlations were found between NO 3 -, nss-SO 4 2-and sea salt, or between SO 4 2-and sea salt, which clearly indicated that these substances originate from other sources. For the Arctic, large atmospheric transportation regimens have been pointed out as the major contributors of NO 3 -and SO 4 2- (Rahn et al, 1980;Fisher et al, 2011;Kühnel et al, 2011;Kühnel, 2013). However, atmospheric SO 4 2-concentrations can also be influenced by biogenic production of DMS (dimethyl sulfide) in the sea icefree ocean regions of the Arctic (Sharma et al, 2012) and have been shown to influence the snow cover in the Ny-Ålesund region (Larose et al, 2010b).…”

Section: Ion Stratigraphymentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Cell Retention in a Melting High Arctic Snowpack, Svalbard

Björkman

Žárský

Kühnel

et al. 2014

Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research

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“…We use monthly anthropogenic emissions of NO x and SO 2 from Zhang et al [2009]. NH 3 emissions are from Streets et al [2003], with a reduction of 30% as recommended by Huang et al [2012aHuang et al [ , 2012b for Asia, and seasonality as implemented by Fisher et al [2011]. Errors in the model representation of too shallow nighttime mixing depths and overproduction of HNO 3 are corrected following Heald et al [2012] and Walker et al [2012].…”

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistent sensitivity of Asian aerosol to emissions of nitrogen oxides

Kharol

Martin

Philip

et al. 2013

Geophysical Research Letters

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[1] We use a chemical transport model and its adjoint to examine the sensitivity of secondary inorganic aerosol formation to emissions of precursor trace gases from Asia. Sensitivity simulations indicate that secondary inorganic aerosol mass concentrations are most sensitive to ammonia (NH 3 ) emissions in winter and to sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) emissions during the rest of the year. However, in the annual mean, the perturbations on Asian population-weighted ground-level secondary inorganic aerosol concentrations of 34% due to changing nitrogen oxide (NO x ) emissions are comparable to those from changing either SO 2 (41%) or NH 3 (25%) emissions. The persistent sensitivity to NO x arises from the regional abundance of NH 3 over Asia that promotes ammonium nitrate formation. IASI satellite observations corroborate the NH 3 abundance. Projected emissions for 2020 indicate continued sensitivity to NO x emissions. We encourage more attention to NO x controls in addition to SO 2 and NH 3 controls to reduce ground-level East Asian aerosol.

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Sources, distribution, and acidity of sulfate–ammonium aerosol in the Arctic in winter–spring

Cited by 227 publications

References 127 publications

Nitrogen deposition to the United States: distribution, sources, and processes

Nitrogen deposition to the United States: distribution, sources, and processes

Microbial Cell Retention in a Melting High Arctic Snowpack, Svalbard

Persistent sensitivity of Asian aerosol to emissions of nitrogen oxides

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