Sources and variability of inhalable road dust particles in three European cities

Amato, Fúlvio; Pandolfi, M.; Moreno, Teresa; Furger, Markus; Pey, Jorge; Alastuey, Andrés; Bukowiecki, Nicolas; Prévôt, Andrê S. H.; Baltensperger, Urs; Querol, Xavier

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.06.003

Cited by 325 publications

(179 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…40% of particles are <10 |im). We did not find previous studies to compare our estimates with, but they account for approximately half (44-54%) of the PM emissions due to resuspension, which is in agreement with Amato et al (2011) who found that mineral sources contribute around 60% to road dust reservoir in Barcelona (whilst around 30% in Zurich).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 77%

“…These represent respectively 7-14% and 5-6% of total road dust emissions. Amato et al (2011) found that in average OC and EC constitute 11.7 and 3.0% of the mass of road dust. OC and EC emission factors due to road dust resuspension were compared to primary-OC and EC exhaust emission factors from passenger cars calculated within the EU TRANSPHORM project (Vouitsis et al, 2012).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emission factors from road dust resuspension in a Mediterranean freeway

Amato

Karanasiou

Moreno

et al. 2012

Atmospheric Environment

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Particulate matter emissions from paved roads are currently one of the main challenges for a sustainable transport in Europe. Emissions are scarcely estimated due to the lack of knowledge about the resuspension process severely hampering a reliable simulation of PM and heavy metals concentrations in large cities and evaluation of population exposure. In this study the Emission Factors from road dust resuspension on a Mediterranean freeway were estimated per single vehicle category and PM component (OC, EC, mineral dust and metals) by means of the deployment of vertical profiles of passive samplers and terminal concentration estimate. The estimated PMio emission factors varied from 12 to 47 mg VKT -1 (VICT: Vehicle Kilometer Traveled) with an average value of 22.7 ± 14.2 mg VKT -1 . Emission Factors for heavy and light duty vehicles, passenger cars and motorbikes were estimated, based on average fleet composition and EPA ratios, in 187-733 mg VKT -1 , 33-131 VKT -1 , 9.4-36.9 VKT" 1 and 0.8-3.3 VKT -1 , respectively. These range of values are lower than previous estimates in Mediterranean urban roads, probably due to the lower dust reservoir on freeways. PM emitted material was dominated by mineral dust (9-10 mg VKT -1 ), but also OC and EC were found to be major components and approximately 14 -25% and 2-9% of average PM exhaust emissions from diesel passenger cars on highways respectively.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emission factors from road dust resuspension in a Mediterranean freeway

Amato

Karanasiou

Moreno

et al. 2012

Atmospheric Environment

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“…The resolved source profiles (Fig. 3) are similar with those resolved by Amato et al (2011) in three European cities. The first factor is attributed to mineral dust and road abrasion since it consists of crustal species like Al, Ca, Fe, K related to the soil and road pavement.…”

Section: Source Apportionmentsupporting

confidence: 67%

“…Individual uncertainties of data were estimated following the approach of Amato et al (2011). Factors are classified taking into account several diagnostic criteria: i) PMF-resolved chemical profile; ii) the variation explained for every species by each factor (specific tracers can be identified); iii) the spatial evolution of contributions.…”

Section: Source Apportionmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Road Dust Emission Sources and Assessment of Street Washing Effect

Karanasiou

Amato

Moreno

et al. 2014

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Although previous studies report on the effect of street washing on ambient particulate matter levels, there is a lack of studies investigating the results of street washing on the emission strength of road dust. A sampling campaign was conducted in Madrid urban area during July 2009 where road dust samples were collected in two sites, namely Reference site (where the road surface was not washed) and Pelayo site (where street washing was performed daily during night). Following the chemical characterization of the road dust particles the emission sources were resolved by means of Positive Matrix Factorization, PMF (Multilinear Engine scripting) and the mass contribution of each source was calculated for the two sites. Mineral dust, brake wear, tire wear, carbonaceous emissions and construction dust were the main sources of road dust with mineral and construction dust being the major contributors to inhalable road dust load. To evaluate the effectiveness of street washing on the emission sources, the sources mass contributions between the two sites were compared. Although brake wear and tire wear had lower concentrations at the site where street washing was performed, these mass differences were not statistically significant and the temporal variation did not show the expected build-up after dust removal. It was concluded that the washing activities resulted merely in a road dust moistening, without effective removal and that mobilization of particles took place in a few hours between washing and sampling. The results also indicated that it is worth paying attention to the dust dispersed from the construction sites as they affect the emission strength in nearby streets.

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“…Many studies conducted worldwide indicate that the resuspended dust emission constitutes a significant share in the PM10 concentrations in the air near the transport routes [6,8,[14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Research carried out in the US city of Tucson (Arizona) in the winter showed that the fraction of particulate matter from the fuel combustion in car engines and the share of re-entrained road dust ranged from 4-40 % and 30-50 % of the total PM10 concentration in the air, respectively [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Re-entrained road dust PM10 emission from selected streets of Krakow and its impact on air quality

Bogacki

Mazur

Oleniacz

et al. 2018

E3S Web of Conferences

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Abstract. Scientific research studies conducted in various parts of the world confirm that PM10 concentrations in urban air depend to a great extent on the resuspension processes of the dust deposited on the road surface. The paper presents the results of the study related to the determination of the re-entrained PM10 emissions from four selected streets of Krakow (Southern Poland) together with the assessment of its impact on air quality. Examined streets are characterised by different traffic intensity (from 500 to over 20 000 vehicles per day) and individual vehicle structure. Dust material sampling and estimation of the PM10 emission were conducted according to the U.S. EPA methodology (AP 42 Fifth Edition). Two variants of sample collection were applied: from the road surface including the area at the curb (4 streets) and from the road surface alone (1 street). The estimates of resuspended road dust emission as well as the reference values derived from the U.S. EPA guidelines were used to assess the impact of this emission on the PM10 levels in the air at the location of one of the analysed streets. This assessment was conducted using the CALINE4 mathematical model. The study showed that the PM10 emissions from the re-entrained road dust can be responsible for up to 25 % in the winter and 50 % in the summer of the total PM10 concentrations in the air near the roads.

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Sources and variability of inhalable road dust particles in three European cities

Cited by 325 publications

References 61 publications

Emission factors from road dust resuspension in a Mediterranean freeway

Emission factors from road dust resuspension in a Mediterranean freeway

Road Dust Emission Sources and Assessment of Street Washing Effect

Re-entrained road dust PM10 emission from selected streets of Krakow and its impact on air quality

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