Sources and Movement of Salmonella through Integrated Poultry Operations: A Multistate Epidemiological Investigation

Abstract

The prevalence of Salmonella from numerous sources in 32 integrated broiler operations of high- and low-performing broiler houses was characterized from four states across four seasons. Previous studies of Salmonella in broilers have been limited in scope, offering only a snapshot of pathogen prevalence as seen on a small number of individual farms. Twenty-six different sample types were collected from the hatchery to the end of processing, and Salmonella was found in all sample types. A total of 10,740 samples were analyzed for Salmonella, and 973 (9.1%) of these samples, including 49 of 798 (6.1%) carcass rinse samples, were Salmonella positive. Hatchery transport pads (389 of 765, 50.8%), flies (28 of 150, 18.7%), drag swabs (57 of 402, 14.2%), and boot swabs (20 of 167, 12%) were samples from which Salmonella was most frequently isolated. Thirty-six different serotypes were identified, and the most frequently encountered serotypes were Salmonella Senftenberg, Salmonella Thompson, and Salmonella Montevideo. Determining critical contaminating sources and following the movement of Salmonella through integrated poultry operations will help researchers and the industry develop practical intervention strategies.

Critical Segments in the Dissemination and Transmission of Salmonella Species from Poultry Production in Calabar, Nigeria

“…Several studies carried out in both the developed and the developing worlds have demonstrated the prevalence rate of chicken carcass contaminated with Salmonella to range from 0% to 40% [31]. However, higher prevalence rates of 48.8% and 45.6% have been reported in Karachi and Dubai from poultry slaughter carcass [32,33].…”

Prévalence de la contamination parSalmonellades élevages de poulet de chair au Maroc

“…Il est essentiel de prendre en considération le problème de la contamination des élevages (Bailey et al, 2001), tant pour son impact sur la santé publique que pour les répercussions économiques non négligeables qu'il peut engendrer. Or, si la contamination de la viande est possible à tous les niveaux de la chaîne de production (Mead, 1993), la période d'élevage représente une étape critique pour le développement de la bactérie Salmonella.…”

Quantitative estimation of the impact of setting a new target for the reduction of Salmonella in breeding hens of Gallus gallus

“…Further horizontal transmission will occur when chicks are sorted and during transport in crates, and crate liners are a sensitive sample for the detection of Salmonella contamination emanating from hatcheries. Hatchery-associated Salmonella are commonly found further down the production chain, in broiler flocks (Bailey et al, 2001;Byrd et al, 1999;Chriél et al, 1999;Christensen et al, 1997;Davies et al, 2001;McCrea et al, 2006;Thorns, 2000) and on broiler carcasses (Bailey et al, 2001;Bailey et al, 2002;Corry et al, 2002;Liljebjelke et al, 2005). These will often be serovars other than S. Enteritidis.…”

“…However, Salmonella serovars other than S. Enteritidis trace-backs to breeders have been documented, including S. Typhimurium, S. Heidelberg, S. Kentucky and S. Senftenberg (Byrd et al, 1998;Chriél et al, 1999;Kim et al, 2007;Liljebjelke et al, 2005). By contrast, hatchery contamination leading to carcass contamination seems commonly to involve a wide range of serovars (Bailey et al, 2001). …”

“…A multistate study of four integrators in the USA (Bailey et al, 2001) examined samples from hatcher basket liners through to slaughter. Of 36 serovars isolated, 12 were found on processed carcasses, and nine of these were also found on hatcher basket liners.…”