Sources and Health Risks of Heavy Metals in PM2.5 in a Campus in a Typical Suburb Area of Taiyuan, North China

Liu, Kankan; Shang, Qingmin; Wan, Changyuan

doi:10.3390/atmos9020046

Cited by 32 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Although ICR values for Cr were reduced from 2006 to 2010/2011, especially for children in JAS (6.1 × 10 −7 ), but Cr remained to pose critical health risk. Similar results have been reported in areas influenced by industrial emissions (Cheng et al, 2017;Liu et al, 2018;Ramírez et al, 2020).…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptsupporting

confidence: 90%

Particle-bound PAHs and Chemical Composition, Sources and Health Risk of PM2.5 in a Highly Industrialized Area

Vega

López-Veneroni²,

Ramírez

et al. 2021

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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PM2.5 monitoring campaigns were conducted in 2006, 2010, and 2011 in Tula de Hidalgo, Mexico, a highly industrialized area which includes a refinery, a thermoelectric power plant, five cement plants, limestone mining, and industrial waste combustion. These data establish baselines and trends against which later concentrations can be compared as emission reduction plans are implemented. PM 2.5 mass, chemical composition, and 15 particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured at two sites. PM2.5 masses ranged from 26 to 31 µg m −3 . Carbonaceous aerosols were the largest PM2.5 component, accounting for 47-57% of the mass. Approximately 40-51% of the carbonaceous aerosol was attributed to secondary organic carbon. Ionic species accounted for 40-44% of PM2.5, with sulfate being the dominant ion. The sum of particle-bound PAH concentrations ranged from 14−31 ng m −3 . Six factors derived from Principal Component Analysis (PCA) explained ~ 85% of the PM2.5 variance. The derived factors were associated with sources based on marker species resulting in heavy-oil combustion (22% of variance), vehicle engine exhaust (13-19% of variance), fugitive dust (18% of variance), biomass burning (9-13% of variance), secondary aerosols (14% of variance), and industrial emissions (6-10% of variance). Combustion of solid waste (e.g., tires and industrial waste) of the recycling cement kilns and incinerators resulted in elevated toxic species such as, Cd, and Sb in the range of 0.02-0.3 µg m −3 .A health risk assessment of carcinogenic trace elements was performed showing that the total cancer risk decreased for both children and adults in 2010/2011 (ranging from 3.5×10 −6 to 6.0×10 −5 ) as compared to 2006 (ranging from 8.6×10 −7 to 5.7×10 −6 ). The inhalation life-time cancer risk (ILCR) for particle-bound PAHs ranged from 8.6×10 −5 to 1.2×10 −4 .Air quality can be improved by switching to cleaner fuels and benefit from the use of natural gas instead of fuel oil in the power plant.

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Section: Accepted Manuscriptsupporting

confidence: 90%

Particle-bound PAHs and Chemical Composition, Sources and Health Risk of PM2.5 in a Highly Industrialized Area

Vega

López-Veneroni²,

Ramírez

et al. 2021

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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show abstract

“…For example, Li et al [13] measured the economic loss related to health problems due to waste gas emissions and found that the economic loss brought by PM10 and SO 2 accounted for 1.63% and 2.32% of the GDP in 74 cities respectively. Liu et al [14] evaluated the health care burden of waste gas emissions and heavy metals in the spring and winter of 2016.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Does Industrial Waste Gas Emission Affect Health Care Expenditure in Different Regions of China: An Application of Bayesian Quantile Regression

Chen

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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Industrial development has brought about not only rapid economic growth, but also serious environmental pollution in China, which has led to serious health problems and heavy economic burdens on healthcare. Therefore, the relationship between the industrial air pollution and health care expenditure (HCE) has attracted the attention of researchers, most of which used the traditional empirical methods, such as ordinary least squares (OLS), logistic and so on. By collecting the panel data of 30 provinces of China during 2005–2016, this paper attempts to use the Bayesian quantile regression (BQR) to reveal the impact of industrial air pollution represented by industrial waste gas emission (IWGE) on HCE in high-, middle-, low-income regions. It was found that double heterogeneity in the influence of IWGE on HCE was obvious, which revealed that people in high-, middle-, low-income regions have significantly different understandings of environmental pollution and health problems. In addition, the BQR method provided more information than the traditional empirical methods, which verified that the BQR method, as a new empirical method for previous studies, was applicable in this topic and expanded the discussion space of this research field.

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“…The higher carcinogenic risk has been found in children and adult for lead (Pb) and Nickel (Ni). Various studies have also reported that the carcinogenic risks by lead exposure exceeded the acceptable level for both children and adult [44][45][46][47]. for resident adult, worker and resident children in Okpella Bua cement production area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mass Concentration and Elemental Constituent of Particulate Matter in Ambient Air of Two Cement Industries and Its Health Risk Analysis

Onwuka

Avwiri

Ononugbo

2020

AIR

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Particulate matter concentration was measured over two cement production sites in Nigeria using a gravimetric high volume air sampler and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) for elemental analysis. The mass concentration of SPM ranged from 7.50 µg/m3 to 303.1 µg/m3 with mean value of 157.9 µg/m3 /day in Okpella Bua cement production site and 4.4 to 283.3 µg/m³ with mean value of 103.2 µg/m³/day for Unicem cement production site, Calabar. The elemental analysis shows the presence of Zn, Pb, Ni, Mn, Cr and Cd. The heavy metals in the order of decreasing concentration are Zn> Pb> Ni > Mn> Cr> Cd: 7.84> 2.60> 2.00> 0.80> 0.76 > 0.11 (µg/m3) respectively. All the values were higher than NESREA limit except Mn in Okpella Bua site. In UNICEM Calabar site, heavy metal distribution showed Zn> Pb> Ni> Mn> Cr> Cd: 12.50> 3.00> 1.26> 0.66> 0.41> 0.14 (µg/m3), respectively. The carcinogenic risks estimated exceeded the acceptable limit for adult, workers and children. The result showed that about 106 adults and 227 children will be affected by cancer related health problem. The mean value of the hazard quotient (HQ) was 1.46 and 2.46 from Unicem and 1.76 and 2.95 from Bua cement area for chromium and lead exposure of adult and children respectively, which shows the occurrence of the non-carcinogenic health effect on both adult and children. The result of this work revealed that children have higher risk than adult due to exposure to this inhalable particulate matter.

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Sources and Health Risks of Heavy Metals in PM2.5 in a Campus in a Typical Suburb Area of Taiyuan, North China

Cited by 32 publications

References 41 publications

Particle-bound PAHs and Chemical Composition, Sources and Health Risk of PM2.5 in a Highly Industrialized Area

Particle-bound PAHs and Chemical Composition, Sources and Health Risk of PM2.5 in a Highly Industrialized Area

How Does Industrial Waste Gas Emission Affect Health Care Expenditure in Different Regions of China: An Application of Bayesian Quantile Regression

Mass Concentration and Elemental Constituent of Particulate Matter in Ambient Air of Two Cement Industries and Its Health Risk Analysis

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