Sources and geographical origins of fine aerosols in Paris (France)

Bressi, M.; Sciare, Jean; Ghersi, Véronique; Mihalopoulos, N.; Petit, Jean-Eudes; Nicolas, José B.; Moukhtar, S.; Rosso, Amandine; Féron, Anaïs; Bonnaire, Nicolas; Poulakis, Emmanouil; Theodosi, C.

doi:10.5194/acp-14-8813-2014

Cited by 145 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 121 publications

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“…These species are key markers of combustion (Fujita, 2001;Watson et al, 2001;Jobson, 2004) or a petrochemical source (Brocco et al, 1997;Song et al, 2007). However, the independent combustion tracers such as CO, NO 2 and PM 2.5 were well correlated to this source contribution, with Pearson correlation coefficients of 0.59, 0.49 and 0.77, respectively ( Fig.…”

Section: Combustion Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Asphalt released predominantly C 8 -C 11 alkanes including noctane, n-nonane, n-decane and n-undecane, contributing to over 50 % of VOC emissions in total from asphalt application (Brown et al, 2007;Liu et al, 2008;Deygout, 2011), with n-undecane alone accounting for 17 % (Liu et al, 2008). Benzene, toluene and xylenes are also enriched for asphalt VOC emissions (Chong et al, 2014).…”

Section: Asphaltmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Too many factors will result in meaningless factor profiles, while too few factors will make it difficult to segregate the mixing sources (Bressi et al, 2014). Factors ranging from 3 to 8 were tested in this study.…”

Section: A2 the Optimal Number Of Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The PSCF and CWT models have been previously used to identify the possible source regions based on the backward trajectory analysis (Cheng et al, 2013;Bressi et al, 2014;Liu et al, 2016). The PSCF gives the proportion of air pollution trajectory in a given grid and the CWT reflects the concentration levels of trajectories.…”

Section: Local and Regional Transport Contributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Meanwhile, dispersion models including conditional probability function (CPF), backward trajectory, potential source contribution function (PSCF) and concentration-weighted trajectory (CWT) are also employed to locate the potential source origins (Song et al, 2007;Chan et al, 2011;Liu et al, 2016). Recently, the combination of these two types of models has been developed to figure out the locations of various air pollutant sources (Zhang et al, 2013a;Bressi et al, 2014;Chen et al, 2016). These practices mainly focus on the atmospheric fine particles (PM 2.5 ); few studies have concerned the local and regional source contributions of VOCs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Monitoring of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from an oil and gas station in northwest China for 1 year

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Oil and natural gas are important for energy supply around the world. The exploring, drilling, transportation and processing in oil and gas regions can release a lot of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). To understand the VOC levels, compositions and sources in such regions, an oil and gas station in northwest China was chosen as the research site and 57 VOCs designated as the photochemical precursors were continuously measured for an entire year (September 2014-August 2015) using an online monitoring system. The average concentration of total VOCs was 297 ± 372 ppbv and the main contributor was alkanes, accounting for 87.5 % of the total VOCs. According to the propylene-equivalent concentration and maximum incremental reactivity methods, alkanes were identified as the most important VOC groups for the ozone formation potential. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis showed that the annual average contributions from natural gas, fuel evaporation, combustion sources, oil refining processes and asphalt (anthropogenic and natural sources) to the total VOCs were 62.6 ± 3.04, 21.5 ± .99, 10.9 ± 1.57, 3.8 ± 0.50 and 1.3 ± 0.69 %, respectively. The five identified VOC sources exhibited various diurnal patterns due to their different emission patterns and the impact of meteorological parameters. Potential source contribution function (PSCF) and concentration-weighted trajectory (CWT) models based on backward trajectory analysis indicated that the five identified sources had similar geographic origins. Raster analysis based on CWT analysis indicated that the local emissions contributed 48.4-74.6 % to the total VOCs. Based on the high-resolution observation data, this study clearly described and analyzed the temporal variation in VOC emission characteristics at a typical oil and gas field, which exhibited different VOC levels, compositions and origins compared with those in urban and industrial areas.

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Section: Combustion Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Asphaltmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A2 the Optimal Number Of Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Local and Regional Transport Contributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Monitoring of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from an oil and gas station in northwest China for 1 year

et al. 2018

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Springtime major pollution events by aerosol over Paris Area: From a case study to a multiannual analysis

Chazette

Royer

2017

JGR Atmospheres

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A study of the intense spring pollution events occurring between 2007 and 2016 on the Paris Area is presented using ground‐based and spaceborne measurements. Emphasis is placed on 2011 where data included ground‐based lidar measurements. This last period corresponds with the highest regional pollution levels of the past decade. The information threshold (daily average of (mass concentration of particles with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 μm) PM10 > 50 μg m−3) was exceeded 16 times, while the alert threshold (daily average of PM10 > 80 μg m−3) was exceeded twice. The information (alert) threshold exists to protect the most fragile people (the entire population). Ground‐based and spaceborne measurements demonstrate the benefit of their synergy as each is representative of specific space and time scales. The operational products of the spaceborne instruments Cloud‐Aerosol LIdar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer are used. For 2011, CALIOP vertical profiles are inversed to assess the backscatter to extinction ratio, which is then successfully compared with similar results derived from the CALIOP operational products, a ground‐based lidar and Sun photometers. The aerosols are identified to be polluted continental and polluted dust aerosols following the criteria used for the inversion of the CALIOP profiles. Aerosol typing is consistent between the ground‐based and spaceborne lidars, demonstrating the importance of CALIOP for other years where the ground‐based lidar was not in operation. The main pollution sources responsible for the spring aerosol pollution, occurring during anticyclonic meteorological conditions, are identified as coming from Western Europe: Benelux, Rhine‐Ruhr area, and the Lorraine area.

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Heavy metal contamination and ecological risk in sediment from typical suburban rivers

Cui

Gao

Zhang

et al. 2020

River Research & Apps

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The environmental pollution and ecological risk of riverine systems are of growing concern in China and worldwide. Previous studies have mainly focused on urban and rural rivers. However, suburban rivers differ from urban and rural rivers as they are subject to complex pollution sources, random discharge of domestic garbage, improper handling of agricultural means of production and imperfect municipal engineering facilities; thus, identifying the complex pollution sources and ecological risk in suburban rivers might help improve environmental quality and inform management decisions. The occurrence and spatial distribution of six heavy metals were investigated and analysed. The average concentrations of target heavy metals in surface sediments were in the order of Zn (1,198.7) > Cr (84.6) > Pb (40.0) > Cu (25.6) > Ni (11.8) > Cd (0.5) (mg/kg, dry weight). The concentrations of all heavy metals in the study area except Ni and Pb were significantly higher (p < .05) than the environmental background values. The pollution load index (PLI) indicated that the sediments were “moderately polluted”, which was mainly caused by Zn and Cd. The potential ecological risk index (RI) showed that there was a “high” ecological risk of heavy metals in sediments, of which Cd accounted for 83% of the RI. A principal component analysis coupled with Pearson's correlations indicated that Pb and Zn were mainly associated with domestic, traffic and agricultural sources; Cr, Cu and Ni were mainly derived from traffic and natural sources, and Cd was likely from coal combustion and agricultural sources. The results from this study will provide the scientific knowledge needed to control and manage the emissions or discharge from multiple heavy metal pollution sources and identify their potential ecological risk in the sediment of suburban rivers.

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Sources and geographical origins of fine aerosols in Paris (France)

Cited by 145 publications

References 121 publications

Monitoring of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from an oil and gas station in northwest China for 1 year

Monitoring of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from an oil and gas station in northwest China for 1 year

Springtime major pollution events by aerosol over Paris Area: From a case study to a multiannual analysis

Heavy metal contamination and ecological risk in sediment from typical suburban rivers

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