Sources and concentrations of gaseous and particulate reduced nitrogen in the city of Münster (Germany)

Vogt, E.; Held, Andreas; Klemm, Otto

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.09.012

Cited by 20 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In addition, highest NH 3 concentrations were also associated with low wind speeds during this day. Besides, the diurnal pattern of ammonia did not show a clear and well-defined temperature and humidity dependence during the winter field campaign, as observed elsewhere Yamamoto et al, 1995;Burkhardt et al, 1998;Horvath and Sutton, 1998;Pryor et al, 2001;Olszyna et al, 2005;Vogt et al, 2005). This may reflect the influence of other factors, such as local sources and wind direction, in determining ambient concentrations of NH 3 (Burkhardt et al, 1998;Huber and Kreutzer, 2002;Vogt et al, 2005).…”

Section: Wintermentioning

confidence: 71%

“…Long-term measurements have shown strong daily and seasonal variations in ammonia concentrations which depend mainly on temperature, relative humidity (RH), rainfall, and wind speed (Yamamoto et al, 1988(Yamamoto et al, , 1995D. S. Lee et al, 1999;Bari et al, 2003;Vogt et al, 2005). Bimodal diurnal variations in NH 3 concentrations with peaks occurring during periods of peak traffic have been observed in some studies (Kirchner et al, 2002;Perrino et al, 2002;Li et al, 2006), confirming vehicles as a significant source of NH 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Occurrence of gas phase ammonia in the area of Beijing (China)

et al. 2010

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Abstract. The atmospheric concentrations of gaseous ammonia have been measured during two field campaigns in the winter and in the summer of 2007 at Beijing (China). These measurements were carried out by means of diffusion annular denuders coated with phosphorous acid. The results were discussed from the standpoint of temporal and diurnal variations and meteorological effects. The daily average NH 3 concentrations were in the range of 0.20-44.38 µg/m 3 and showed regular temporal variations with higher concentrations during summer and with lower during winter. The temporal trends seemed to be largely affected by air temperature because of agricultural sources. No diurnal variability was observed for gaseous NH 3 levels in both winter and summer seasons. The highest ammonia value of 105.67 µg/m 3 was measured in the early morning during the summer period when stable atmospheric conditions occurred. The diurnal winter and summer trends of ammonia showed a weak dependence on the air temperature and they were affected nearly by wind direction suggesting regional and local source influences. Ammonia was also correlated with the atmospheric mixing in the boundary layer, and, with NO x , CO and PM 2.5 air concentrations supporting the hypothesis that the traffic may be also an important source of ammonia in Beijing.

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Section: Wintermentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Occurrence of gas phase ammonia in the area of Beijing (China)

et al. 2010

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“…Agricultural emissions are transported from The Netherlands, 22 and industrial emissions are transported from the Ruhr area-a large, densely populated zone with a former coal and steel industry located approximately 60 km to the southwest of Münster.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Traffic and Meteorology on Airborne Particulate Matter in Münster, Northwest Germany

Gietl

Klemm

2009

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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The importance of street traffic and meteorological conditions on the concentrations of particulate matter (PM) with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than 10 m (PM 10 ) was studied in the city of Münster in northwest Germany. The database consisted of meteorological data, data of PM 10 mass concentrations and fine particle number (6 -225 nm diameter) concentrations, and traffic intensity data as counted with tally hand counters at a four-to six-lane road. On working days, a significant correlation could be found between the diurnal mean PM 10 mass concentration and vehicle number. The lower number of heavy-duty vehicles compared with passenger cars contributed more to the particle number concentration on working days than on weekend days. On weekends, when the vehicle number was very low, the correlation between PM 10 mass concentration and vehicle number changed completely. Other sources of PM and the meteorology dominated the PM concentration. Independent of the weekday, by decreasing the traffic by approximately 99% during late-night hours, the PM 10 concentration was reduced by 12% of the daily mean value. A correlation between PM 10 and the particle number concentration was found for each weekday. In this study, meteorological parameters, including the atmospheric stability of the boundary layer, were also accounted for. The authors deployed artificial neural networks to achieve more information on the influence of various meteorological parameters, traffic, and the day of the week. A multilayer perceptron network showed the best results for predicting the PM 10 concentration, with the correlation coefficient being 0.72. The influence of relative humidity, temperature, and wind was strong, whereas the influence of atmospheric stability and the traffic parameters was weak.Although traffic contributes a constant amount of particles in a daily and weekly cycle, it is the meteorology that drives most of the variability. INTRODUCTIONParticulate matter (PM) with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than 10 m (PM 10 ) can be harmful. PM 10 , and particularly PM with diameters less than 2.5 m (PM 2.5 ), are associated with a risk of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. 1-3 For preservation of health, the European Union (EU) Directive established the long-and short-term standards for PM 10 . According to those standards, no more than 35 exceedances of 50 g ⅐ m Ϫ3 (daily average PM 10 concentration in air at a given station) per year are allowed. 4 Many European cities cannot comply with these regulations. After 2011, sanctions will be imposed on cities not in accordance with the air quality standards.In Münster, Germany, the PM 10 concentration was exceeded 35 times in 2005, 29 times in 2006, and 31 times in 2007. 5 The corresponding measurements were made at sites comparable to the one used for this study. All sites were traffic sites; one of them was located only 50 m to the southeast from this study site. Yet, by just reaching but not exceeding the legal limit, the city of Münster presently has no urgent ne...

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“…Sources of NH + 3 are mainly of biogenic nature, like the decomposition of amino acid in organic waste. This is most likely the main source, as the Münsterland is strongly affected by agriculture with intense pig farming in the region, and also by long-distance transport of agricultural emissions from the Netherlands (Vogt et al 2005). Ammonium nitrate mostly condenses on existing particles why it is found in the larger particle size fraction.…”

Section: Source Apportionment By Positive Matrixmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the prevailing westerly winds, industrial emissions released by the Ruhr site influences air quality in the city of Münster. Likewise the city is affected by industrial and agricultural (Vogt et al 2005) emissions from the Netherlands to the west. Meteorological data, which is permanently recorded, was taken at the roof of the Institute of Landscape Ecology, about 1 km to the S-SW.…”

Section: Sampling Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

Source Identification of Size-Segregated Aerosol in Münster, Germany, by Factor Analysis

Gietl

Klemm

2009

Aerosol Science and Technology

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, and elemental and organic carbon. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) was used for source apportionment where each size class accounted for a single variable. Five factors were identified of which at least four could be found during each season. Traffic, ammonium nitrate, and long distance transport showed a weekly cycle, whereas the factor representing power generation and industrial products seemed to be relatively stable through the week. Sea salt particles were independent of the day of week. The five factors do not only have a similar composition, but also a similar size distribution, throughout all seasons of the year. Particles from long-distance transport were identified in the accumulation mode while PM originating from power generation were characterized by a larger diameter. Sea salt aerosol consisted mainly of coarse particles, ammonium nitrate is mainly found in the largest size fraction. Even without a detailed chemical trace elements analysis, precise PM source apportionment was accomplished.

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Sources and concentrations of gaseous and particulate reduced nitrogen in the city of Münster (Germany)

Cited by 20 publications

References 24 publications

Occurrence of gas phase ammonia in the area of Beijing (China)

Occurrence of gas phase ammonia in the area of Beijing (China)

Analysis of Traffic and Meteorology on Airborne Particulate Matter in Münster, Northwest Germany

Source Identification of Size-Segregated Aerosol in Münster, Germany, by Factor Analysis

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