Sources and composition of metals in indoor house dust in a mid-size Canadian city

Dingle, Justin H.; Kohl, Leonie; Khan, Nadiha; Meng, Meng; Shi, Yuelun; Pedroza-Brambila, Marcia; Chow, Chung‐Wai; Chan, Arthur W. H.

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117867

Cited by 26 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…40,41 The average concentrations of Mn, Cr, and Ni were the highest in the present study, and the levels were within the range in other studies (1.9-3500 μg/ g). [40][41][42] Since sampling was limited to SHD in the present study, specifying the precise sources of Mn, Cr, and Ni is difficult. However, other studies suggested vehicular emissions, lithogenic sediments, industrial manufacturing, and worn-off paint coatings as the major sources of Mn, Cr, and Ni.…”

Section: Contaminants In Shdsupporting

confidence: 84%

Simultaneous assessment of organophosphate flame retardants, plasticizers, trace metals, and house dust mite allergens in settled house dust

Kim

Park

Lee³

et al. 2022

Indoor Air

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Settled house dust (SHD) is a reservoir for various contaminants, including endocrine‐disrupting chemicals (EDCs), trace metals, and house dust mite allergens. This study aimed to characterize various chemical and biological contaminants in SHD and identify determinants governing the indoor contaminants. In total, 106 SHD samples were collected from 106 houses in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province, Korea, in 2021. Bedding dust samples were collected from 30 of these 106 houses. All participants completed a questionnaire comprised of housing and lifestyle‐related factors. The samples were analyzed for 18 organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs), 16 phthalates, five alternative plasticizers (APs), seven trace metals, and two house dust mite allergens (Dermatophagoides farinae type 1 [Der f1] and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus type 1 [Der p1]). A multiple regression analysis was conducted to identify the determinants governing the concentrations and profiles of various contaminants. OPFRs, phthalates, APs, and trace metals were detected in all SHD samples, indicating ubiquitous contamination in indoor environments. Among the three EDC groups, APs were detected at the highest concentrations (geometric mean [GM] (geometric standard deviation, [GSD]): 1452 (1.6) μg/g in total), followed by phthalates (GM (GSD): 676 (1.4) μg/g in total) and OPFRs (GM (GSD): 10 (1.4) μg/g in total). Der f1 was detected in all bedding dust samples with significantly higher levels than Der p1 (GM (GSD): 0.1 (1.8) μg/g vs. 1.4 × 10−3 (2.3) μg/g). The concentrations of OPFRs, plasticizers, and trace metals in SHD were significantly associated with the type and number of electronic appliances and combustion activities. Der f1 was significantly associated with the number of occupants and water penetration. Ventilation, vacuum cleaning, and wet cleaning or dry mopping significantly reduced the levels of most contaminants in SHD. As residents are persistently exposed to a wide array of pollutants, comprehensive and adequate measures are required to prevent potential exposures.

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Section: Contaminants In Shdsupporting

confidence: 84%

Simultaneous assessment of organophosphate flame retardants, plasticizers, trace metals, and house dust mite allergens in settled house dust

Kim

Park

Lee³

et al. 2022

Indoor Air

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“…Of all the house characteristics, house age displays some of the strongest correlations with contaminants in dust ( Table 4 ), including dozens of metal(loid)s. These trends are consistent with other studies reporting that dust concentrations of certain metal(loid)s increase with house age [ 36 , 41 ]. The negative correlations between potentially toxic metal(loid)s and construction date, including Pb, mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd) and cobalt (Co), reflect their declining use in building materials, pigments, coatings, plastics and consumer products [ 55 , 64 , 65 , 66 ], due to voluntary initiatives and/or regulatory restrictions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between House Characteristics and Exposures to Metal(loid)s and Synthetic Organic Contaminants Evaluated Using Settled Indoor Dust

Rasmussen

Kubwabo

Gardner

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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This study investigates associations between house characteristics and chemical contaminants in house dust, collected under the nationally representative Canadian House Dust Study (2007–2010). Vacuum samples (<80 µm fraction) were analysed for over 200 synthetic organic compounds and metal(loid)s. Spearman rank correlations between contaminant concentrations in dust and presence of children and pets, types of flooring, heating styles and other characteristics suggested a number of indoor sources, pointing to future research directions. Numerous synthetic organics were significantly associated with reported use of room deodorizers and with the presence of cats in the home. Hardwood flooring, which is a manufactured wood product, emerged as a source of metal(loid)s, phthalates, organophosphate flame retardants/plasticizers, and obsolete organochlorine pesticides such as ∑DDT (but not halogenated flame retardants). Many metal(loid)s were significantly correlated with flame-retardant compounds used in building materials and heating systems. Components of heating appliances and heat distribution systems appeared to contribute heat-resistant chemicals and alloys to settled dust. Carpets displayed a dual role as both a source and repository of dust-borne contaminants. Contaminant loadings (<80 µm fraction) were significantly elevated in heavily carpeted homes, particularly those located near industry. Depending on the chemical (and its source), the results show that increased dust mass loading may enrich or dilute chemical concentrations in dust. Research is needed to improve the characterisation of hidden indoor sources such as flame retardants used in building materials and heating systems, or undisclosed ingredients used in common household products, such as air fresheners and products used for companion animals.

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“…On the other hand, two studies found limited retention of heavy metals and PAHs in house dust collected 1-2 years after a major wildfire event in Fort McMurray, Canada. 36,37 Further work is needed to measure persistent chemicals after wildfires to better understand the longterm effects on human health. This information will be particularly helpful in determining why some cancers were associated with residential proximity to wildfires (ie, lung cancer and brain cancer) and some were not (ie, haematological cancers).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term exposure to wildfires and cancer incidence in Canada: a population-based observational cohort study

Korsiak

Pinault

Christidis

et al. 2022

The Lancet Planetary Health

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Sources and composition of metals in indoor house dust in a mid-size Canadian city

Cited by 26 publications

References 42 publications

Simultaneous assessment of organophosphate flame retardants, plasticizers, trace metals, and house dust mite allergens in settled house dust

Simultaneous assessment of organophosphate flame retardants, plasticizers, trace metals, and house dust mite allergens in settled house dust

Relationships between House Characteristics and Exposures to Metal(loid)s and Synthetic Organic Contaminants Evaluated Using Settled Indoor Dust

Long-term exposure to wildfires and cancer incidence in Canada: a population-based observational cohort study

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