Sourcebook on the production of electricity from geothermal energy

Kestin, J.; DiPippo, Ronald; Khalifa, H. Ezzat; Ryley, D.J.

doi:10.2172/7088433

Cited by 43 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…For the flashing units, this resulted in the choice of temperatures shown in Eqs. (2) and (3). In the case of the binary units this process involved iterative calculations on the secondary fluid boiling temperature, that is, the temperature at state 2 in Figure 3.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The condenser temperature has been assumed to be 40 ı C in all the power units examined and lost work for the re-injected fluid was calculated with respect to this temperature. The calculations are for optimized flashing processes, where the flashing temperature is equal to the average of the resource and condenser temperatures [2,3]:…”

Section: Single-flash Unitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite this, countries with good geothermal fields have the potential to produce a significant fraction of their electric demand from geothermal resources. Single-flash, dual-flash, and binary geothermal power plants are currently utilized in several countries to produce electric energy from geothermal resources [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Entropy production and optimization of geothermal power plants

Michaelides

2012

Journal of Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics

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Geothermal power plants are currently producing reliable and low-cost, base load electricity. Three basic types of geothermal power plants are currently in operation: single-flashing, dual-flashing, and binary power plants. Typically, the single-flashing and dual-flashing geothermal power plants utilize geothermal water (brine) at temperatures in the range of 550-430 K. Binary units utilize geothermal resources at lower temperatures, typically 450-380 K. The entropy production in the various components of the three types of geothermal power plants determines the efficiency of the plants. It is axiomatic that a lower entropy production would improve significantly the energy utilization factor of the corresponding power plant. For this reason, the entropy production in the major components of the three types of geothermal power plants has been calculated. It was observed that binary power plants generate the lowest amount of entropy and, thus, convert the highest rate of geothermal energy into mechanical energy. The singleflashing units generate the highest amount of entropy, primarily because they re-inject fluid at relatively high temperature. The calculations for entropy production provide information on the equipment where the highest irreversibilities occur, and may be used to optimize the design of geothermal processes in future geothermal power plants and thermal cycles used for the harnessing of geothermal energy. 234

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Single-flash Unitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Entropy production and optimization of geothermal power plants

Michaelides

2012

Journal of Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics

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“…NCG 165 1040 2.50 380 2 Geofluid 136 730 445 36,010 3 Geofluid 110 690 445 22,589 4 Geofluid 110 690 22,250 11,295 5 Geofluid 110 690 222.50 11,295 6 Geofluid 89 590 222.50 7021 7 Geofluid 81 570 222.50 5616 8 Geofluid 85 590 445 12,447 9 Geofluid 107 690 0.83 40 As seen in Figure 2a and Table 1, the n-pentane heated in VAP 1 on level I is sent to turbine TURB 1 with 137.4 • C and 1261 kPa pressure as superheated steam (at point 12), to rotate the turbine. The n-pentane with 82 • C and 150 kPa emerging from TURB 1 is then sent to the recuperator RECUP (at point 13). If the n-pentane emerging from the turbine still carries high energy, this high energy is stored in RECUP and later is used to transfer to n-pentane coming from the pump PU 1.…”

Section: Description Of the Sinem Gpp As A Case Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic Optimization of a Geothermal- Based Organic Rankine Cycle System Using an Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm

et al. 2017

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Geothermal energy is a renewable form of energy, however due to misuse, processing and management issues, it is necessary to use the resource more efficiently. To increase energy efficiency, energy systems engineers carry out careful energy control studies and offer alternative solutions. With this aim, this study was conducted to improve the performance of a real operating air-cooled organic Rankine cycle binary geothermal power plant (GPP) and its components in the aspects of thermodynamic modeling, exergy analysis and optimization processes. In-depth information is obtained about the exergy (maximum work a system can make), exergy losses and destruction at the power plant and its components. Thus the performance of the power plant may be predicted with reasonable accuracy and better understanding is gained for the physical process to be used in improving the performance of the power plant. The results of the exergy analysis show that total exergy production rate and exergy efficiency of the GPP are 21 MW and 14.52%, respectively, after removing parasitic loads. The highest amount of exergy destruction occurs, respectively, in condenser 2, vaporizer HH2, condenser 1, pumps 1 and 2 as components requiring priority performance improvement. To maximize the system exergy efficiency, the artificial bee colony (ABC) is applied to the model that simulates the actual GPP. Under all the optimization conditions, the maximum exergy efficiency for the GPP and its components is obtained. Two of these conditions such as Case 4 related to the turbine and Case 12 related to the condenser have the best performance. As a result, the ABC optimization method provides better quality information than exergy analysis. Based on the guidance of this study, the performance of power plants based on geothermal energy and other energy resources may be improved.

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“…the abrupt power drop when the injection pressure is lower than 10 bar and the bottom hole temperature is 450 K, is due to chocking happening at the exit of the well, where sonic condition is established [13]. The extensive availability of hot rock resources implies that a large number of such wells and small scale of power plant should be constructed in a location to produce a significant amount of power.…”

Section: Utilization Of Hot Dry Rock Heatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Future Electricity Production from Geothermal Resources Using Oil and Gas Wells

Mehmood¹,

Yao²,

Fun³

2017

OJOGas

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Various under-developed countries are not capable to accomplish its domestic energy requirements and are undergoing sensitive energy crises. Electricity Sector has been most suffered due to the energy shortage. Geothermal power production is capable to fulfill the electricity demand of different countries. Geothermal power plant can use water from an aquifer at moderately higher temperature and produce power using dry steam, flashing or binary cycle. Traditionally, geothermal energy has been exploited in places with plentiful hot water at relatively shallow depth. There are several high gradient geothermal resources available in the world but without the presence of aquifer it is impossible to utilize these resources. It is still unknown how to generate power by using dry rock resources. We aimed to focus on the way to generate electricity by utilizing the dry rock resources. This way of electricity generation will be cost effectively and can produce electricity on constant or permanent basis. Current study lead a new direction that how abandoned oil and gas wells are helpful to overcome the energy crises and have ability to generate the cheap electricity for a long term period. This study discusses the power generation system for commercial electricity production. Three different source temperatures (142˚C, 157˚C, and 177˚C) were considered. Optimal working fluid and optimal design that improve the performance of plant are determined. Here we saw that a 12 inch double-pipe heat exchanger, which penetrates to a depth of 3 km, could extract sufficient energy to drive a 3.2 MW turbine generator system.

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Sourcebook on the production of electricity from geothermal energy

Abstract: Cycle thermodynamics (By J . H . Eskesen) ....... 4.2.4 Axial flow organic fluid turbine (By J . H . 4.2.2 Thermophysical properties of working fluids (By Eskesen and G . F .

Cited by 43 publications

References 35 publications

Entropy production and optimization of geothermal power plants

Entropy production and optimization of geothermal power plants

Thermodynamic Optimization of a Geothermal- Based Organic Rankine Cycle System Using an Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm

Future Electricity Production from Geothermal Resources Using Oil and Gas Wells

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