Source‐sink relations in <i>Lolium perenne</i> L. as reflected by carbohydrate concentrations in leaves and pseudo‐stems during regrowth in a free air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) experiment<sup>*</sup>

Fischer, Bernt; Frehner, Monika; Hebeisen, Thomas; Zanetti, S.; Stadelmann, F. J.; Lúscher, A.; Hartwig, Ueli A.; Hendrey, George R.; Blum, Hermann; Nösberger, J.

doi:10.1046/j.1365-3040.1997.d01-131.x

Cited by 75 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…For this purpose, plant samples were harvested in the morning around 8 am to catch remaining WSC not consumed overnight (Schnyder et al 1988) and to reduce differences resulting from environment-dependent production during the day (Shewmaker et al 2006) (see supplementary material, Appendix 1 for detailed information on harvesting and sample processing). Analysis of WSC and starch was performed using an anthrone method (Dreywood 1946) adapted following Fischer et al (1997) and Trethewey and Rolston (2009). Water-soluble carbohydrates were extracted with water and ethanol, whereas starch was extracted using perchloric acid.…”

Section: Carbohydrates and Plant Nitratementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This allowed the summation of WSC and starch concentrations in Tr to represent total non-structural carbohydrates (TNC). In L. perenne, starch was not measured because it is a minor-to-negligible component of non-structural carbohydrates (Fischer et al 1997).…”

Section: Carbohydrates and Plant Nitratementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whether carbohydrates are more growthlimiting than water or soil N could be derived from the carbohydrates' source-sink relation in the plant, which, in grassland species, is reflected in non-structural carbohydrates such as water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) and starch (Isopp et al 2000). Notably, patterns in the carbohydrates' source-sink relation might differ between leaves (generally above 7 cm plant height in L. perenne and T. repens) and leaf sheaths and stems (L. perenne) or stolons and petioles (T. repens) (generally below 7 cm) (Fischer et al 1997). Therefore, a full assessment of the plant's source-sink balance needs the evaluation of both leaves (above 7 cm) and storage organs (below 7 cm).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Severe water deficit restricts biomass production of Lolium perenne L. and Trifolium repens L. and causes foliar nitrogen but not carbohydrate limitation

et al. 2017

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Aims We investigated whether drought-induced impairment of grassland species can be explained directly by plant water deficit or by water-driven limitation of nitrogen (N) and/or carbohydrate sources. Methods In a field experiment, a severe drought treatment was applied on monocultures of Lolium perenne L. (cv. Alligator) (Lp) and Trifolium repens L. (cv. Hebe) (Tr) by using rainout shelters excluding all precipitation, and effects were compared to a rainfed control. Three species-fertiliser treatments were set up, crossed with the drought treatment. The two species were fertilised equally with N (200 kg N ha), and an additional high N fertilisation treatment was established for L. perenne (Lp highN , 500 kg N ha). Results Severe soil water deficit led to significantly lower leaf water potentials in all species-fertiliser treatments (P < 0.001) down to approximately −1.2 MPa and, on average, to a 79% reduction in living plant biomass above 7 cm harvest height (P < 0.001), indicating strong plant water deficits. Under the drought treatment, living plant biomass above 7 cm did not differ among species-fertiliser treatments. Plant-available soil N was 84% lower (P ≤ 0.01) and plant N concentrations were 24% less (P < 0.001) under the drought than under the rainfed control treatment, with Lp always being more N limited than Lp highN and Tr. Nitrate concentrations in water-limited plants were generally very low (< 0.85 mg g −1 dry matter), whereas non-structural carbohydrates were distinctly greater under the drought treatment in Lp (+62%), Lp highN (+46%), and Tr (+18%).Conclusions Restricted biomass production of these forage species under severe drought can primarily be explained by plant water deficits and secondarily by drought-induced limitation of N supply. However, growth seems not to be limited by carbohydrate source activity, as carbohydrates accumulated with water deficiency.

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Section: Carbohydrates and Plant Nitratementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Carbohydrates and Plant Nitratementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Severe water deficit restricts biomass production of Lolium perenne L. and Trifolium repens L. and causes foliar nitrogen but not carbohydrate limitation

et al. 2017

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“…At an elevated CO 2 concentration, the photosynthetic activity (Bowes 1993;Makino 1994) and translocation of photoassimilates (Masuda et al 1989;Fisher et al 1997) are accelerated. In addition, we observed an enhancement of the sorbitol concentration in the phloem sap (data not shown).…”

Section: Sugar Metabolism and Co 2 Enrichmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, no such effect on the regulation of photosynthesis has been observed in trees Idso and Kimball 1992). Besides photosynthesis, mineral supply, and sink activity are assumed to be involved in the differential response to long-term CO 2 enrichment among plant species (Arp 1991;Fisher et al 1997). However, such information for Japanese pear trees is not available.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of CO₂enrichment on fruit growth and quality in Japanese pear (Pyrus serotinaReheder cv. Kosui)

Ito¹,

Hasegawa²,

Fujita

et al. 1999

Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

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Six year-old Japanese pear (Pyrus seratina Reheder cv. Kosui) trees grafted on P. serotina cv. Nihonyamanashi were grown in containers filled with Granite Regosol under glasshouse conditions. At different stages of fruit growth, pear trees were exposed to an elevated CO 2 concentration (130 Pa CO 2 ) along with a control (35 Pa CO 2 ). For one group of plants, CO 2 enrichment was applied for 79 d from 52 d after full bloom (DAB) to fruit maturity (long-term CO 2 enrichment) and for another group the same treatment was applied for 35 d from 96 DAB to fruit maturity (short-term CO 2 enrichment). The effects of the elevated CO 2 concentration on vegetative growth, mineral contents, and fruit production and quality were examined. Long-term CO 2 enrichment enhanced vegetative growth, without any significant effect on the mineral contents in either flower bud or fruit except for a remarkable increase in the K content. Long-term CO 2 enrichment increased the fruit size and fresh weight, but had no significant effect on the fruit quality. On the other hand, the short-term CO 2 enrichment did not induce any significant change in the fruit size but increased the fruit sugar concentration. Along with the reduction of the sorbitol concentration in fruit, the fructose and sucrose concentrations increased and these changes occurred earlier at elevated CO 2 than at ambient CO2 concentrations. From these results, we concluded that the effect of CO 2 enrichment on fruit growth varies depending upon the growth stages of fruit: during the initial and fruitlet stages when fruit expansion occurs, CO 2 enrichment increases the fruit size, whereas, during maturation when fruit expansion has slowed down and sugar accumulation in fruit is active, it increases the fruit sugar concentration.Key Words: carbon dioxide enrichment, fruit growth, fruit quality, growth stage, Japanese pear.Cultural management of fruit trees under plastic house or glasshouse conditions to improve the fruit quality and to obtain maturation of earlier fruit has become a common practice. Under such cultural conditions, environmental factors including CO 2 concentra- tion, temperature, water status in soil, etc. may affect vegetative and fruit growth as well as fruit quality. Although numerous researchers have studied the effect of CO 2 enrichment on fruit production, the effect on fruit quality is not well documented.CO 2 enrichment enhances photosynthesis and leads to a higher biomass production and economic yield in C 3 plants (Kimball 1983;Bowes 1993). The response of the photosynthetic activity to CO 2 enrichment differs between herbaceous plants and tree species. In the former, initial stimulation of photosynthesis by short-term CO 2 enrichment decreases or disappears during long-term CO 2 enrichment (Peet 1984;Masuda et al. 1989;Bowes 1993;Makino 1994). However, no such effect on the regulation of photosynthesis has been observed in trees Idso and Kimball 1992). Besides photosynthesis, mineral supply, and sink activity are assumed to be involved in the differ...

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Metabolomics of Forest Tree Responses to Fluctuations of Temperature and Elevated AtmosphericCO₂

Castro‐Moretti,

Feltrim,

de Andrade

et al. 2023

Monitoring Forest Damage With Metabolomics Methods

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Source‐sink relations in Lolium perenne L. as reflected by carbohydrate concentrations in leaves and pseudo‐stems during regrowth in a free air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) experiment^*

Cited by 75 publications

References 29 publications

Severe water deficit restricts biomass production of Lolium perenne L. and Trifolium repens L. and causes foliar nitrogen but not carbohydrate limitation

Severe water deficit restricts biomass production of Lolium perenne L. and Trifolium repens L. and causes foliar nitrogen but not carbohydrate limitation

Effect of CO₂enrichment on fruit growth and quality in Japanese pear (Pyrus serotinaReheder cv. Kosui)

Metabolomics of Forest Tree Responses to Fluctuations of Temperature and Elevated AtmosphericCO₂

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Source‐sink relations in Lolium perenne L. as reflected by carbohydrate concentrations in leaves and pseudo‐stems during regrowth in a free air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) experiment*

Cited by 75 publications

References 29 publications

Severe water deficit restricts biomass production of Lolium perenne L. and Trifolium repens L. and causes foliar nitrogen but not carbohydrate limitation

Severe water deficit restricts biomass production of Lolium perenne L. and Trifolium repens L. and causes foliar nitrogen but not carbohydrate limitation

Effect of CO2enrichment on fruit growth and quality in Japanese pear (Pyrus serotinaReheder cv. Kosui)

Metabolomics of Forest Tree Responses to Fluctuations of Temperature and Elevated AtmosphericCO2

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Product

Resources

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Source‐sink relations in Lolium perenne L. as reflected by carbohydrate concentrations in leaves and pseudo‐stems during regrowth in a free air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) experiment^*

Effect of CO₂enrichment on fruit growth and quality in Japanese pear (Pyrus serotinaReheder cv. Kosui)

Metabolomics of Forest Tree Responses to Fluctuations of Temperature and Elevated AtmosphericCO₂