Source Rock Evaluation and 1-D Basin Modelling Approach for the Sargelu Formation, Atrush-2 Well, Kurdistan Region-Iraq

Akram, Revan; Edilbi, Ayad N. F.; Mamaseni, Wrya J.; Sherwani, Govand H.; Al‐Ansari, Nadhir

doi:10.4236/ojg.2021.113004

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In northwest Iraq, it is 20 meters thick, whereas in northeast Iran, it is 125 meters thick. The thickness varies from 75-83 m in Kuwait and 152-213 m in northern Iran [6]. The thickness of the Sargelu Formation in the typical region, which was between 110 and 148 meters, could not be verified during the field study.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 84%

Geochemistry and Reservoir Properties of the Upper Jurassic Formations, in Selected Oilfield Central Iraq

Khudhair,

Idan

2024

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Geochemical analysis of subsurface organic matter in the most productive source rocks, the Sargelu and Naokelekan formations, has provided insight into the potential of hydrocarbon production in the Jurassic strata of the selected oil field in central Iraq. The aim of this study is to conclude if the source rock can provide reservoir properties such as porosity and permeability. This attempt is made to support petroleum production from both reservoir and source rocks. The cause of this idea was adopted due to some of very good source rock were kept the produced hydrocarbons within the thin impermeable layers. Rock Eval pyrolysis returned high total organic carbon ranging from 0.55 to 34.82 wt%, Type II kerogen with a hydrogen index of up to 368 mg HC/gTOC, and a rock potential of 0.58 to 50.9 kghc/ton rock. Mature organic material was found in both formations, with a Tmax between 434 and 450 °C. This study of source rock properties shows that the rocks have good properties that need to be considered as the Sargelu and Naokelekan formations are the main sources of hydrocarbons in the studied area. The multi-story source-reservoir rocks are represented in this secession. The reservoir properties of the Naokelekan Formation are impressive in that it can draw crude oil from the underlying Sargelu Formation, which produces oil and releases it into the local petroleum system. The effective porosity in the Naokelekan Formation reached 14% in the main reservoir area, while permeability values mostly reached 4 mD. This indication potentially underscores the objective of this study to upgrade the oil-producing source rock into reservoir intervals.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 84%

Geochemistry and Reservoir Properties of the Upper Jurassic Formations, in Selected Oilfield Central Iraq

Khudhair,

Idan

2024

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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“…On average, the outcrops are thinner than the subsurface sections [11]. The Sargelu Formation is well known as the most important organic-rich formation of the Mid Jurassic [1,11,16,[26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36].…”

Section: Middle Jurassicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dolomitization of the Lower Part of the Sargelu Formation, Northeastern Iraq

Muhammad,

Saeed

2024

Tikrit J. Pure Sci.

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The prominent characteristic of the lower part of the Sargelu Formation of the Middle Jurassic is the occurrence of destructive dolomitization. This dolomitized unit, cropped out in the high folded and Imbricated zones in Northern Iraq, is situated in the Gotnia Basin and has been distinctly identified and are documented in previous studies. Dolomite crystals are euhedral in shape; hence, they are classified as saccharoidal dolomite, resulting in the elimination of all biocontent and the destruction of the original rock fabrics. Despite the abundance of intercrystalline pores in this unit and their role in the quality of reservoirs in the oil fields, the origin or mechanism of dolomitization is not well understood yet. The aim of this investigation is to find out a suitable model for the dolomitization and to propose possible mechanisms that led to the dolomitization. At the top of the Lower Jurassic Sehkaniyan Formation, an extensive mass of destructive dolomitization has also occurred. The dolomitic unit of the Sargelu Formation, which extends for hundred kilometers constantly. Stratigraphic correlation reveals that the Sargelu Formation is juxtaposed with different successions, such as the Alan and Sehkaniyan formations, that show evidence about peritidal and sabkha environments, where the dolomitization units were associated with solution collapse breccia and microbial stromatolite. This study proposes that the reflux and burial dolomitization models for the lower part of the Sargelu Formation by comparing the paleoenvironmental conditions of the late Lower Jurassic and early Middle Jurassic in the Gotnia basin with a modern analogue model.

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“…Atrush: An average VR of 0.68%R o for the Sargelu Formation at around 1265 m in the Atrush-2 well (Akram et al, 2021) (1948).…”

Section: Burial History Of the Baluti Formation And Regional Maturity Trendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stratigraphic Correlation and Source Rock Characteristics of the Baluti Formation From Selected Wells in the Zagros Fold Belt, Kurdistan Region, Northern Iraq

Mohialdeen

Fatah

Abdula

et al. 2021

Journal of Petroleum Geology

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The Upper Triassic Baluti Formation has been identified and mapped based on its log response in selected wells from the Zagros foldbelt in the Kurdistan Region of northern Iraq. A preliminary evaluation of the formation's source rock potential was made by Rock‐Eval screening analysis in four wells along a NW‐SE profile (Atrush‐1, Shaikan‐5B, Taq Taq‐22 and Miran‐2) with maturity determined from reflectance measurements in samples from well Taq Taq‐22. The Baluti Formation consists of thinly interbedded shales, carbonates and anhydrite ranging in thickness from 48 m in well Atrush‐1 to 118 m in well Miran‐2. The Rock‐Eval screening was conducted primarily on bulk cuttings samples plus selected picked cuttings. The TOC content is low to moderate (0.23 to 1.14 wt%). However, the shale content in many of the analysed bulk samples was relatively low, making assessment of the source potential problematic. The highest TOCs are recorded from the thickest analysed sections from wells Miran‐2 and Taq Taq‐22, where high‐gamma bituminous shales are present. Rock‐Eval Tmax values ranging from 295 to 438°C are not consistent with estimates of pre‐Zagros burial to depths of between 4600 m (Atrush‐1) and 6900 m (Miran‐2). The relatively low Tmax values suggest that the S2 response does not reflect kerogen pyrolysis in these samples and may be due to the presence of solid bitumen, which is observed in the Baluti Formation in at least three of the study wells (Taq Taq‐22, Miran‐2 and Shaikan‐5B). Little pyrolysable organic matter remains in the formation due to the interpreted deep pre‐Zagros burial and the consequent high maturity in Taq Taq‐22 (VR = 1.51%Ro) and Miran‐2 (estimated VR >2%Ro), and the poor source character in Atrush‐1 and Shaikan‐5B. Organic petrography suggests the presence of vestiges of Types I and II kerogen in Taq Taq‐22, with bitumen observed as stains in the matrix of the shales and also in the pores and fractures of interbedded dolostones. However, bitumen reflectance determinations for Taq Taq‐22 indicate an equivalent vitrinite reflectance maturity of no more than 0.93%Ro, which is significantly less than that of the indigenous vitrinite, implying the solid bitumen in this well is derived primarily from migrated hydrocarbons. Further detailed analysis is required, but the results suggest that the Baluti Formation may have sourced hydrocarbons in its depocentre which is identified in this study as covering a NW‐SE trending area between Bekhme and Sangaw.

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Source Rock Evaluation and 1-D Basin Modelling Approach for the Sargelu Formation, Atrush-2 Well, Kurdistan Region-Iraq

Cited by 5 publications

References 23 publications

Geochemistry and Reservoir Properties of the Upper Jurassic Formations, in Selected Oilfield Central Iraq

Geochemistry and Reservoir Properties of the Upper Jurassic Formations, in Selected Oilfield Central Iraq

Dolomitization of the Lower Part of the Sargelu Formation, Northeastern Iraq

Stratigraphic Correlation and Source Rock Characteristics of the Baluti Formation From Selected Wells in the Zagros Fold Belt, Kurdistan Region, Northern Iraq

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