Source-related components of fine particulate matter and risk of adverse birth outcomes in Northern Italy

Ottone, Marta; Broccoli, Serena; Parmagnani, Federica; Giannini, Silvia; Scotto, Fabiana; Bonvicini, Laura; Luberto, Ferdinando; Bacco, Dimitri; Trentini, Arianna; Poluzzi, Vanes; Angelini, Paola; Colacci, Annamaria; Rossi, Paolo Giorgi; Ranzi, Andrea

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2020.109564

Cited by 31 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Our finding of an association between PM 2.5 , diesel PM and preterm birth is consistent with the findings of several other investigative teams in 35,36 and outside California 37,38 . Our results further expand on these findings, given the size of our sample and our ability to test multiple risk factors.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Residential particulate matter, proximity to major roads, traffic density and traffic volume as risk factors for preterm birth in California

Costello

Steurer

Baer

et al. 2021

Paediatric Perinatal Epid

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Background While pollution from vehicle sources is an established risk factor for preterm birth, it is unclear whether distance of residence to the nearest major road or related measures like major road density represent useful measures for characterising risk. Objective To determine whether major road proximity measures (including distance to major road, major road density and traffic volume) are more useful risk factors for preterm birth than other established vehicle‐related measures (including particulate matter <2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) and diesel particulate matter (diesel PM)). Methods This retrospective cohort study included 2.7 million births across the state of California from 2011–2017; each address at delivery was geocoded. Geocoding was used to calculate distance to the nearest major road, major road density within a 500 m radius and major road density weighted by truck volume. We measured associations with preterm birth using risk ratios adjusted for target demographic, clinical, socioeconomic and environmental covariates (aRRs). We compared these to the associations between preterm birth and PM2.5 and diesel PM by census tract of residence. Results Findings showed that whereas higher mean levels of PM2.5 and diesel PM by census tract were associated with a higher risk of preterm birth, living closer to roads or living in higher traffic density areas was not associated with higher risk. Residence in a census tract with a mean PM2.5 in the top quartile compared with the lowest quartile was associated with the highest observed risk of preterm birth (aRR 1.04, 95% CI 1.04, 1.05). Conclusions Over a large geographical region with a diverse population, PM2.5 and diesel PM were associated with preterm birth, while measures of distance to major road were not, suggesting that these distance measures do not serve as a proxy for measures of particulate matter in the context of preterm birth.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Residential particulate matter, proximity to major roads, traffic density and traffic volume as risk factors for preterm birth in California

Costello

Steurer

Baer

et al. 2021

Paediatric Perinatal Epid

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“…This experimental result provides the mechanistic interpretation of epidemiological evidence in the resident population in the same area where the PM samples had been collected (Candela et al, 2013) and confirmed in a more recent publication (Ottone et al, 2020).…”

Section: Pm Covid-19 and Reproductive Adverse Outcomessupporting

confidence: 77%

The Secretive Liaison of Particulate Matter and SARS-CoV-2. A Hypothesis and Theory Investigation

et al. 2020

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“…The studies were published over a 12-year period from 2009 to 2012. There were 14 studies from the USA [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ]; eight studies from China [ 6 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ]; four studies from the European region [ 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 ]; two studies from Canada [ 41 , 42 ]; two studies from Australia [ 43 , 44 ]; and one study from Peru [ 45 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Simple Method to Establish Sufficiency and Stability in Meta-Analyses: With Application to Fine Particulate Matter Air Pollution and Preterm Birth

Pereira

2022

IJERPH

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Fine particulate matter air pollution (PM2.5) is a potential cause of preterm birth. Inconsistent findings from observational studies have motivated researchers to conduct more studies, but some degree of study heterogeneity is inevitable. The consequence of this feedback is a burgeoning research effort that results in marginal gains. The aim of this study was to develop and apply a method to establish the sufficiency and stability of estimates of associations as they have been published over time. Cohort studies identified in a recent systematic review and meta-analysis on the association between preterm birth and whole-pregnancy exposure to PM2.5 were selected. The estimates of the cohort studies were pooled with cumulative meta-analysis, whereby a new meta-analysis was run for each new study published over time. The relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) limits needed for a new study to move the cumulative RR to 1.00 were calculated. Findings indicate that the cumulative relative risks (cRR) for PM2.5 (cRR 1.07, 95% CI 1.03, 1.12) converged in 2015 (RR 1.07, 95% CI 1.01, 1.14). To change conclusions to a null association, a new study would need to observe a protective RR of 0.93 (95% CI limit 1.02) with precision equivalent to that achieved by all past 24 cohort studies combined. Preterm birth is associated with elevated PM2.5, and it is highly unlikely that any new observational study will alter this conclusion. Consequently, establishing whether an observational association exists is now less relevant an objective for future studies than characterising risk (magnitude, impact, pathways, populations and potential bias) and interventions. Sufficiency and stability can be effectively applied in meta-analyses and have the potential to reduce research waste.

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Source-related components of fine particulate matter and risk of adverse birth outcomes in Northern Italy

Cited by 31 publications

References 40 publications

Residential particulate matter, proximity to major roads, traffic density and traffic volume as risk factors for preterm birth in California

Residential particulate matter, proximity to major roads, traffic density and traffic volume as risk factors for preterm birth in California

The Secretive Liaison of Particulate Matter and SARS-CoV-2. A Hypothesis and Theory Investigation

A Simple Method to Establish Sufficiency and Stability in Meta-Analyses: With Application to Fine Particulate Matter Air Pollution and Preterm Birth

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