Source regional contributions to PM2.5 in a megacity in China using an advanced source regional apportionment method

Tian, Yingze; Chen, Gang; Wang, Hai-Ting; Huangfu, Yanqi; Shi, Guoliang; Han, Bin; Feng, Yinchang

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.12.132

Cited by 49 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The daily PM 2.5 concentrations ranged from 13 to 275 mg m À3 . The annual average concentration of PM 2.5 was 87 mg m À3 , which was different from those in previous studies in Tianjin (Tian et al, 2016b;Wu et al, 2015;Chen et al, 2015). Compared with other regions, the PM 2.5 concentration levels in this study were lower than those in Beijing (Zíkov a et al, 2016).…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 91%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Source apportionment for fine particulate matter in a Chinese city using an improved gas-constrained method and comparison with multiple receptor models

Shi

Liu

Wang

et al. 2018

Environmental Pollution

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PM is one of the most studied atmospheric pollutants due to its adverse impacts on human health and welfare and the environment. An improved model (the chemical mass balance gas constraint-Iteration: CMBGC-Iteration) is proposed and applied to identify source categories and estimate source contributions of PM The CMBGC-Iteration model uses the ratio of gases to PM as constraints and considers the uncertainties of source profiles and receptor datasets, which is crucial information for source apportionment. To apply this model, samples of PM were collected at Tianjin, a megacity in northern China. The ambient PM dataset, source information, and gas-to-particle ratios (such as SO/PM, CO/PM, and NOx/PM ratios) were introduced into the CMBGC-Iteration to identify the potential sources and their contributions. Six source categories were identified by this model and the order based on their contributions to PM was as follows: secondary sources (30%), crustal dust (25%), vehicle exhaust (16%), coal combustion (13%), SOC (7.6%), and cement dust (0.40%). In addition, the same dataset was also calculated by other receptor models (CMB, CMB-Iteration, CMB-GC, PMF, WALSPMF, and NCAPCA), and the results obtained were compared. Ensemble-average source impacts were calculated based on the seven source apportionment results: contributions of secondary sources (28%), crustal dust (20%), coal combustion (18%), vehicle exhaust (17%), SOC (11%), and cement dust (1.3%). The similar results of CMBGC-Iteration and ensemble method indicated that CMBGC-Iteration can produce relatively appropriate results.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 91%

“…Cement dust had the smallest contribution percentage at 2.8%. These results are relatively consistent with previous studies (Tian et al, 2016b). Other models used for source apportionment in this study were PMF, WALSPMF and NCAPCA.…”

Section: Source Apportionment By Multiple Modelssupporting

confidence: 93%

Source apportionment for fine particulate matter in a Chinese city using an improved gas-constrained method and comparison with multiple receptor models

Shi

Liu

Wang

et al. 2018

Environmental Pollution

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“…The ions including SO 2− 4 , NO − 3 and NH + 4 were measured by ion chromatography. Measurement uncertainties should be less than 15 % in most cases under strict QA/QC procedures (Orsini et al, 2003;Trebs et al, 2004;Weber et al, 2003), but could be larger for ammonium nitrate (NH 4 NO 3 ) since it can evaporate from the filters before chemical analysis under high temperature and low RH conditions, and this applies to both quartz fiber filter and Teflon filter (Keck and Wittmaack, 2005;Weber et al, 2003). The loss of NO − 3 due to evaporation was found to range from 4 to 84 % depending on the ambient temperature (Chow et al, 2005).…”

Section: Major Chemical Components Of Pm 25mentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of current knowledge concerning PM2.5 chemical composition, aerosol optical properties, and their relationships across China

Tao¹,

Zhang²,

Cao³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Abstract. To obtain a thorough knowledge of PM2.5 chemical composition and its impact on aerosol optical properties across China, existing field studies conducted after the year of 2000 are reviewed and summarized in terms of geographical, inter-annual, and seasonal distributions. Annual PM2.5 was up to six times of the national air quality standard in some megacities in northern China. Annual PM2.5 was higher in northern than southern cities, and higher in inland than coastal cities. In a few cities with data longer than a decade, PM2.5 showed a slight decrease only in the second half of the past decade, while carbonaceous aerosols decreased, sulfate (SO42&#8722;) and ammonium (NH4+) remained at high levels, and nitrate (NO3&#8722;) increased. The highest seasonal averages of PM2.5 and its major chemical components were mostly observed in the cold seasons. Annual average contributions of secondary inorganic aerosols to PM2.5 ranged from 25&#8201;% to 48&#8201;%, and those of carbonaceous aerosols ranged from 23&#8201;% to 47&#8201;%, both with higher values in southern regions due to the frequent dust events in northern China. The geographical pattern of scattering coefficient (bsp) was similar to that of PM2.5, and that of aerosol absorption coefficient (bap) was determined by elemental carbon (EC) mass concentration and its coating. bsp in ambient condition of RH&#8201;=&#8201;80&#8201;% can be amplified about 1.8 times of that under dry condition. Secondary inorganic aerosols accounted for about 60&#8201;% of aerosol extinction coefficient (bext) under ambient conditions in megacities with RH higher than 70&#8201;%. The mass scattering efficiency (MSE) of PM2.5 ranged from 3.0 to 5.0&#8201;m2&#8201;g&#8722;1 for aerosols produced from anthropogenic emissions and from 0.7 to 1.0&#8201;m2&#8201;g&#8722;1 for natural dust aerosols. The mass absorption efficiency (MAE) of EC ranged from 6.5 to 12.4&#8201;m2&#8201;g&#8722;1 in urban environments, but the MAE of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) was only 0.05 to 0.11&#8201;m2&#8201;g&#8722;1. Historical emission control policies in China and their effectiveness were discussed based on available chemically resolved PM2.5 data, which provides the much-needed knowledge for guiding future studies and emission policy making.

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“…Chen et al, 2014a;Dan et al, 2004;Duan et al, 2006;Han et al, 2014;He et al, 2001;Huang et al, 2014b;Lin et al, 2016;Okuda et al, 2011;Pathak et al, 2011;Song et al, 2006aSong et al, , 2007Sun et al, 2004Sun et al, , 2006Tan et al, 2016a;Tao et al, 2016aTao et al, , 2015aTian et al, 2015;Wang et al, 2005;Yang et al, 2005aYang et al, , 2016Zhang et al, 2013a;Zhao et al, 2013c), Tianjin (Cao et al, 2012b;Gu et al, 2010Gu et al, , 2011Tian et al, 2016;Zhao et al, 2013c), Shijiazhuang and Chengde , respectively. It is noted that major pollutant sources in BTH were located south of Hebei Province and the prevailing winds in BTH were from the north in winter and from the south in summer Lu et al, 2010Lu et al, , 2011Wang et al, 2013;Xu et al, 2011).…”

Section: Seasonal Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regional annual mean PM 2.5 was 115 ± 29, 96 ± 28, 50 ± 16 and 100 ± 35 µg m −3 in BTH (Y. Duan et al, 2006;He et al, 2001Song et al, 2006a;Tian et al, 2016;Wang et al, 2005;Yang et al, 2011a, b;Zhang et al, 2013a;Zhao et al, 2013c;Zhou et al, 2015a;Zíková et al, 2016), YRD (Feng et al, 2009;Li et al, 2015aLi et al, , 2016aLiu et al, 2015;Ming et al, 2017;Wang et al, 2006Wang et al, , 2016bYe et al, 2003;Zhao et al, 2015b), PRD (Hagler et al, 2006;Huang et al, 2013;Louie et al, 2005a;Tao et al, 2014cTao et al, , 2017 and Sichuan Basin (Y. Tao et al, 2013aTao et al, , 2014aWang et al, 2017a;Yang et al, 2011b), respectively, which was 3 to 6 times, 2 to 3 times, 1 to 2 times and 3 to 6 times NAAQS, respectively.…”

Section: Geographical Distributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of current knowledge concerning PM2. 5 chemical composition, aerosol optical properties and their relationships across China

et al. 2017

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Abstract. To obtain a thorough knowledge of PM 2.5 chemical composition and its impact on aerosol optical properties across China, existing field studies conducted after the year 2000 are reviewed and summarized in terms of geographical, interannual and seasonal distributions. Annual PM 2.5 was up to 6 times the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) in some megacities in northern China. Annual PM 2.5 was higher in northern than southern cities, and higher in inland than coastal cities. In a few cities with data longer than a decade, PM 2.5 showed a slight decrease only in the second half of the past decade, while carbonaceous aerosols decreased, sulfate (SO 2− 4 ) and ammonium (NH + 4 ) remained at high levels, and nitrate (NO − 3 ) increased. The highest seasonal averages of PM 2.5 and its major chemical components were typically observed in the cold seasons. Annual average contributions of secondary inorganic aerosols to PM 2.5 ranged from 25 to 48 %, and those of carbonaceous aerosols ranged from 23 to 47 %, both with higher contributions in southern regions due to the frequent dust events in northern China. Source apportionment analysis identified secondary inorganic aerosols, coal combustion and traffic emission as the top three source factors contributing to PM 2.5 mass in most Chinese cities, and the sum of these three source factors explained 44 to 82 % of PM 2.5 mass on annual average across China. Biomass emission in most cities, industrial emission in industrial cities, dust emission in northern cities and ship emission in coastal cities are other major source factors, each of which contributed 7-27 % to PM 2.5 mass in applicable cities.The geographical pattern of scattering coefficient (b sp ) was similar to that of PM 2.5 , and that of aerosol absorption coefficient (b ap ) was determined by elemental carbon (EC) mass concentration and its coating. b sp in ambient condition of relative humidity (RH) = 80 % can be amplified by about 1.8 times that under dry conditions. Secondary inorganic aerosols accounted for about 60 % of aerosol extinction coefficient (b ext ) at RH greater than 70 %. The mass scattering efficiency (MSE) of PM 2.5 ranged from 3.0 to 5.0 m 2 g −1 for aerosols produced from anthropogenic emissions and from 0.7 to 1.0 m 2 g −1 for natural dust aerosols. The mass absorption efficiency (MAE) of EC ranged from 6.5 to 12.4 m 2 g −1 in urban environments, but the MAE of water-soluble organic carbon was only 0.05 to 0.11 m 2 g −1 . Historical emission control policies in China and their effectiveness were discussed based on available chemically resolved PM 2.5 data, which provides the much needed knowledge for guiding future studies and emissions policies.

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Source regional contributions to PM2.5 in a megacity in China using an advanced source regional apportionment method

Cited by 49 publications

References 32 publications

Source apportionment for fine particulate matter in a Chinese city using an improved gas-constrained method and comparison with multiple receptor models

Source apportionment for fine particulate matter in a Chinese city using an improved gas-constrained method and comparison with multiple receptor models

A review of current knowledge concerning PM<sub>2.5</sub> chemical composition, aerosol optical properties, and their relationships across China

A review of current knowledge concerning PM<sub>2. 5</sub> chemical composition, aerosol optical properties and their relationships across China

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Source regional contributions to PM2.5 in a megacity in China using an advanced source regional apportionment method

Cited by 49 publications

References 32 publications

Source apportionment for fine particulate matter in a Chinese city using an improved gas-constrained method and comparison with multiple receptor models

Source apportionment for fine particulate matter in a Chinese city using an improved gas-constrained method and comparison with multiple receptor models

A review of current knowledge concerning PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; chemical composition, aerosol optical properties, and their relationships across China

A review of current knowledge concerning PM&lt;sub&gt;2. 5&lt;/sub&gt; chemical composition, aerosol optical properties and their relationships across China

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A review of current knowledge concerning PM<sub>2.5</sub> chemical composition, aerosol optical properties, and their relationships across China

A review of current knowledge concerning PM<sub>2. 5</sub> chemical composition, aerosol optical properties and their relationships across China