Source profiles for industrial, mobile, and area sources in the Big Bend Regional Aerosol Visibility and Observational study

Chow, Judith C.; Watson, John G.; Kuhns, Hampden D.; Etyemezian, Vicken; Lowenthal, Douglas H.; Crow, Dale; Kohl, Steven D.; Engelbrecht, Johann P.; Green, Mark C.

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2003.07.004

Cited by 499 publications

(290 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Some studies have presented source profiles of OC/EC ratios based on speciated emission inventories and receptor models of source apportionment (Cao et al , 2005aChow et al 2004;Duan et al 2004). Along these lines, Watson et al (2001) found that the OC/EC ratios for coal combustion, vehicle emission, and biomass burning were 2.7, 1.1, and 9.0, respectively.…”

Section: Carbonaceous Aerosolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Characteristics of Fine Particles (PM₁) from Xi'an, China

Shen

Cao

Arimoto

et al. 2010

Aerosol Science and Technology

100

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Daily mass concentrations of water-soluble inorganic (WS-i) ions, organic carbon (OC), and elemental carbon (EC) were determined for fine particulate matter (PM 1 , particles < 1.0 µm in diameter) collected at Xi'an, China. The annual mean PM 1 mass concentration was 127.3 ± 62.1 µg m -3 : WS-i ions accounted for ∼38% of the PM 1 mass; carbonaceous aerosol was ∼30%; and an unidentified fraction, probably mostly mineral dust, was ∼32%. WS-i ions and carbonaceous aerosol were the dominant species in winter and autumn, whereas the unidentified fraction had stronger influences in spring and summer. Ion balance calculations indicate that PM 1 was more acidic than PM 2.5 from the same site. PM 1 mass, sulfate and nitrate concentrations followed the order winter > spring > autumn > summer, but OC and EC levels were higher in autumn than spring. Annual mean OC and EC concentrations were 21.0 ± 12.0 µg m −3 and 5.1 ± 2.7 µg m -3 with high OC/EC ratios, presumably reflecting emissions from coal combustion and biomass burning. Secondary organic carbon, estimated from the minimum OC/EC ratios, comprised 28.9% of the OC. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis indicates that secondary aerosol and combustion emissions were the major sources for PM 1 .

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Section: Carbonaceous Aerosolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Characteristics of Fine Particles (PM₁) from Xi'an, China

Shen

Cao

Arimoto

et al. 2010

Aerosol Science and Technology

100

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In the summer of 2010, wildfire activity was much lower in this region as was the contributions from this factor. The species found in this factor may also be indicative of wood burning for wintertime heating, cooking, charbroiling/smoking, and frying foods (Chow et al, 2004).…”

Section: Wood Smoke/aged Wood Smokementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is possible that this factor represents wood smoke and a portion of the PMF OP-rich factor, which may include aged wood smoke. OP can be a marker for wood smoke and biomass burning; Chow et al (2004) report OP factors for a variety of wood and vegetative burns ranging from 2 to 25%. Jeong et al (2011) identified a biomass-burning factor based on high concentrations of K, OP, and EC1.…”

Section: Wood Smoke/aged Wood Smokementioning

confidence: 99%

Receptor model source attributions for Utah's Salt Lake City airshed and the impacts of wintertime secondary ammonium nitrate and ammonium chloride aerosol

Kelly

Kotchenruther

Kuprov

et al. 2013

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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“…[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] In contrast, it has been used only in research applications for stationary sources. 12,[23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] Combustion exhaust is drawn isokinetically through the probe and a heated sampling line, then mixed with filtered ambient air. The clean air is supplied using a High Efficiency Particulate Arresting (HEPA) filter followed by a bed of activated carbon granules that removes the volatized particles and gases not collected by the HEPA filter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of Ultrafine Particle Size Distributions from Coal-, Oil-, and Gas-Fired Stationary Combustion Sources

Chang

Chow

Watson

et al. 2004

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

Self Cite

117

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Currently, we have limited knowledge of the physical and chemical properties of emitted primary combustion aerosols and the changes in those properties caused by nucleation, condensation growth of volatile species, and particle coagulations under dilution and cooling in the ambient air. A dilution chamber was deployed to sample exhaust from a pilot-scale furnace burning various fuels at a nominal heat input rate of 160 kW/h Ϫ1 and 3% excess oxygen. The formation mechanisms of particles smaller than 420 nm in electrical mobility diameter were experimentally investigated by measurement with a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS) as a function of aging times, dilution air ratios, combustion exhaust temperatures, and fuel types. Particle formation in the dilution process is a complex mixture of nucleation, coagulation, and condensational growth, depending on the concentrations of available condensable species and solid or liquid particles (such as soot, ash) in combustion exhausts. The measured particle size distributions in number concentrations measured show peaks of particle number concentrations for medium sulfur bituminous coal, No. 6 fuel oil, and natural gas at 40 -50 nm, 70 -100 nm, and 15-25 nm, respectively. For No. 6 fuel oil and coal, the particle number concentration is constant in the range of a dilution air ratio of 50, but the number decreases as the dilution air ratio decreases to 10. However, for natural gas, the particle number concentration is higher at a dilution air ratio of 10 and decreases at dilution air ratios of 20 -50. At a dilution air ratio of 10, severe particle coagulation occurs in a relatively short time. Samples taken at different combustion exhaust temperatures for these fuel types show higher particle number concentrations at 645 K than at 450 K. As the aging time of particles increases, the particles increase in size and the number concentrations decrease. The largest gradient of particle number distribution occurs within the first 10 sec after dilution but shows only minor differences between 10 and 80 sec. The lifetimes of the ultrafine particles are relatively short, with a scale on the order of a few seconds. Results from this study suggest that an aging time of 10 sec and a dilution air ratio of 20 are sufficient to obtain representative primary particle emission samples from stationary combustion sources. IMPLICATIONThe formation mechanism of combustion aerosols smaller than 420 nm was systematically investigated as a function of dilution sampling parameters (i.e., dilution air ratio and aging time, fuel type, and combustion exhaust temperature). The distributions of particle number concentrations, considered as representative of particle physical characteristics, were measured using a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS). A dilution air ratio of 20 and an aging time of 10 sec were identified as the minimum required to achieve stable particle size distributions and number concentrations, independent of fuel types, and combustion exhaust temperatures. These co...

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Source profiles for industrial, mobile, and area sources in the Big Bend Regional Aerosol Visibility and Observational study

Cited by 499 publications

References 25 publications

Chemical Characteristics of Fine Particles (PM₁) from Xi'an, China

Chemical Characteristics of Fine Particles (PM₁) from Xi'an, China

Receptor model source attributions for Utah's Salt Lake City airshed and the impacts of wintertime secondary ammonium nitrate and ammonium chloride aerosol

Measurement of Ultrafine Particle Size Distributions from Coal-, Oil-, and Gas-Fired Stationary Combustion Sources

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Source profiles for industrial, mobile, and area sources in the Big Bend Regional Aerosol Visibility and Observational study

Cited by 499 publications

References 25 publications

Chemical Characteristics of Fine Particles (PM1) from Xi'an, China

Chemical Characteristics of Fine Particles (PM1) from Xi'an, China

Receptor model source attributions for Utah's Salt Lake City airshed and the impacts of wintertime secondary ammonium nitrate and ammonium chloride aerosol

Measurement of Ultrafine Particle Size Distributions from Coal-, Oil-, and Gas-Fired Stationary Combustion Sources

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Product

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Chemical Characteristics of Fine Particles (PM₁) from Xi'an, China

Chemical Characteristics of Fine Particles (PM₁) from Xi'an, China