Source Profiles and Ozone Formation Potentials of Volatile Organic Compounds in Three Traffic Tunnels in Kaohsiung, Taiwan

Chen, K.S.; Lai, Chia-Hsiang; Ho, Y.T.

doi:10.1080/10473289.2003.10466114

Cited by 18 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Much work has been conducted in Central and South American cities (Mexico City: Bravo and Torres, 2000;Baumgardner et al, 2004;Sao Paolo: Souza et al, 1999;Coury et al, 2002;de Miranda et al, 2002;Porto Alegre: Grosjean et al, 1999;Buenos Aires: Ulke, 2000;Mazzeo, 2000, 2003;Mazzeo and Venegas, 2004) and cities on the Indian subcontinent (Tripathi et al, 1996;Delhi: Varshney and Padhy, 1998;Kanpur: Sharma and Maloo, 2005;Kolkata: Ghose et al, 2005;Hyderabad: Latha and Badarinath, 2005a;various cities: Begum et al, 2004;Gurjar et al, 2004;Mouli et al, 2004). South East Asian cities which have been the focus of extensive air pollution studies include Hong Kong (Chan and Kwok, 2000;Lee et al, 2002;Tanner and1862 M. ROTH Law, 2003), the Taiwanese cities of Kaohsiung (Chen et al, 2003a;Lin and Lee, 2004) and Taipei (Li and Lin, 2002), urban agglomerations in Thailand (Chueinta et al, 2000) as well as Hong Kong, Bangkok and Jakarta which were the focus of a comparison of total suspended particulate loadings as a function of season (Panther et al, 1999). Less work is available from Africa (e.g.…”

Section: Air Quality and Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of urban climate research in (sub)tropical regions

Roth

2007

Intl Journal of Climatology

340

210

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Abstract:Over the last 50 years the developing world, much of which is located in (sub)tropical regions, has seen a dramatic growth of its urban population associated with serious degradation of environmental quality. The total number of (sub)tropical urban climate studies, however; is still small (<20% of all urban climate studies). The available work is further biased towards descriptive studies rather than process work that seeks to indicate the physical climatology of (sub)tropical cities. The available results allow for a preliminary comparison with data from temperate latitudes. Urban heat island (UHI) intensities are generally lower compared to those of temperate cities with comparable population and show a seasonal variation with lower (higher) intensities during the wet (dry) season. (Sub)tropical population-based relations may exist but insufficient appropriate data is available to confirm a logarithmic relationship or systematic differences between different climate types. The (sub)tropical energy balance studies are biased towards dry, clear sky conditions. The amount of net radiation dissipated by sensible heat during daytime is about 40% which is similar to values observed in (sub)urban areas of cities located in temperate climates. Energy partitioning is modulated by water availability and higher percentage of vegetation promotes latent heat flux at the expense of surface heat storage. The apparent strong influence of vegetation and water availability on the energy partitioning irrespective of the climate type, suggests vegetation to be an effective means to reduce heat storage uptake during daytime and hence has the potential to effectively mitigate the nocturnal heat island. It is important to ensure that the rapidly expanding cities of the developing world incorporate climatological concerns in their design to provide a better living and working environment for a large segment of the world's inhabitants. Copyright  2007 Royal Meteorological Society KEY WORDS tropical urban climatology; tropical urban heat island; tropical urban energy balance

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Section: Air Quality and Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of urban climate research in (sub)tropical regions

Roth

2007

Intl Journal of Climatology

340

210

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“…Comparing our results with those of cited locations, concentrations of benzene were 3-8 times higher in Kaohsiung, Taiwan. However, concentrations of benzene in our study were 3-10 times lower than at traffic tunnels (Chen et al, 2003). Traffic tunnels usually had a higher density of traffic flow than in the residential and commercial areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Those researchers found that the direction of wind and atmospheric pressure had linked with the concentrations of VOCs in ambient air to affect hematological changes in the children (Lee et al, 2002). However, Chen et al observed that traffic conditions contributed largely to the variation in VOCs rather than seasonal factors (Chen, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This represented a 34.9% increase over a single decade. In 2003, there were approximately 1,281,000 registered vehicles (380,000 cars, 886,000 motorcycles, and 15,000 trucks) in Kaohsiug (Chen et al, 2003). Growing traffic density has resulted in significant emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from automobile exhaust into the ambient air, especially in urban site settings (Chen et al, 2003;Hsieh et al, 1999;Tsai et al, 1997;Yuan and Hung, 1998;Jo and Choi, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Distribution Of Volatile Organic Compounds In Ambient Air Of Kaohsiung, Taiwan

Hong

Jeng

Gau

et al. 2006

Environ Monit Assess

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Automobile emissions have created a major hydrocarbon pollution problem in the ambient air of Taiwan. The aim of this study was to determine the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the ambient air of Kaohsiung, Taiwan. The spatial distribution, temporal variation, and correlations of VOCs at three study sites, selected based on traffic densities and distances from a freeway, were discussed. Sixty-four hydrocarbons were identified in the ambient air. Among all of the VOC species, acetone, aromatic and aliphatic compounds constituted the major constituents. Higher concentrations of VOCs existed further away from major arteries as compared to those found near the freeway. Therefore, the distance from the freeway may not be a sufficient index for reflecting actual air quality in the study area. Weather conditions, wind speed and direction did not affect the distribution of VOC concentrations in the three study sites. Other factors, such as the height and density of buildings, traffic conditions or commercial activities, might affect the distribution of VOCs.

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“…This is the first study in Taiwan to simultaneously investigate the impacts of industrial activity, traffic flow, and meteorological conditions on the concentration of VOCs. Previous studies have only separately evaluated the relationship between industrial emissions, 12,20 traffic flow rate, 21,22 and meteorological conditions 23 and the ambient concentrations of VOCs. It was observed that three factors could affect the concentrations of VOCs near the industrial park.…”

Section: Impacts Of Industrial Production Rate Traffic Flow Rate Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Volatile Organic Compounds in the Vicinity of an Optoelectronics Industrial Park in Taiwan

Chang

Lin

Shie

et al. 2010

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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This study aimed to determine the concentration of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and investigate the impacts of traffic and industrial activities on the concentration of VOCs near the Central Taiwan Science Park (CTSP) in Taiwan during 2005. Twelve-hour canister sampling was performed at 10 sites near CTSP every season. Samples were analyzed by gas chromatography with a mass-selective detector. The traffic flow rate, industrial production rates, and meteorological information were also collected to assess their impacts on VOC concentrations using multiple linear regression models. The major components determined in the atmosphere were toluene (29.4 -218.8 g m Ϫ3 ), acetone (30 -71.3 g m Ϫ3 ), m/p-xylene (7.8 -51.7 g m Ϫ3 ), and ethanol (16.4 -47.8 g m Ϫ3 ); only ethanol revealed a pattern of increasing concentration from spring to winter. The log-transformed mean concentrations of toluene, acetone, and ethanol were significantly associated with the production rates of the optoelectronic companies after adjustment for traffic flow and meteorological factors (P Ͻ 0.05). There was no significant association between the total traffic flow rate and any logtransformed mean concentrations of VOCs. Each $1 million (U.S.) increase in optoelectronic sales was significantly associated with increasing mean concentrations of

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Source Profiles and Ozone Formation Potentials of Volatile Organic Compounds in Three Traffic Tunnels in Kaohsiung, Taiwan

Cited by 18 publications

References 28 publications

Review of urban climate research in (sub)tropical regions

Review of urban climate research in (sub)tropical regions

Distribution Of Volatile Organic Compounds In Ambient Air Of Kaohsiung, Taiwan

Characterization of Volatile Organic Compounds in the Vicinity of an Optoelectronics Industrial Park in Taiwan

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