Source, optimal dose concentration and longevity of trail pheromone in two Monomorium ants (Formicidae: Hymenoptera)

Mashaly, Ashraf Mohamed Ali; Ali, Asmaa; Ali, Mahmoud Fadl

doi:10.1016/j.jksus.2009.12.009

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The same results were found in Pheidole jordanica and P. sinaitica by Ali and Mashaly (1997), in Monomorium lepineyi by Mashaly et al (2010) and in M. niloticum, M. najrane and M. mayri by Mashaly (2010).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Similarly, the same concentration in both M. lepineyi and M. bicolor was found by Mashaly et al (2010). The chemical analysis of the gland contents of M. meridionalis and M. foreli workers clearly showed the presence of a mixture of straight-chain hydrocarbons, where M. meridionalis and M. foreli contains 14 and 20 components, respectively, 10 of which are overlapping (Mashaly et al, unpublished data 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

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Trail communication in twoMessorspecies,M. meridionalisandM. foreli(Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Mashaly

2011

Italian Journal of Zoology

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In two Messor species, M. meridionalis and M. foreli, glandular source, optimum concentration, longevity and interspecific responses of the trail pheromone were studied in the laboratory. Dufour's gland is the sole origin of the trail pheromone, and has no synergism with the content of the poison gland or the hindgut. Secretions of other gaster complex glands, as well as hindgut contents, in fact, did not evoke trail following. The optimum concentration of trail pheromone was found to be one gland equivalent/30 cm trail. This concentration demonstrated effective longevity for about 1 h. Interspecific trail-following tests indicate that signals mediating trail-following behaviour in these harvesting ants are not strictly species-specific.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Trail communication in twoMessorspecies,M. meridionalisandM. foreli(Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Mashaly

2011

Italian Journal of Zoology

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“…Sinaitica, and Pheidole sp. ( Ali and Mashaly 1997 ), 2.5 hr in M. pharaonis Linnaeus ( Blum 1966 ), 2h in M. lepineyi and M. bicolor ( Mashaly et al 2010 ), and 1h in M. niloticum, M. mayri, and M. najrane ( Mashaly 2010 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Trail Pheromone of the Venomous Samsum Ant,Pachycondyla sennaarensis

Mashaly

Ahmed

Amirul

et al. 2011

Journal of Insect Science

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Ant species use branching networks of pheromone trails for orientation between nest and resources. The current study demonstrated that workers of the venomous samsum ant, Pachycondyla sennaarensis (Mayr) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ponerinae), employ recruitment trail pheromones discharged from the Dufour's gland. Secretions of other abdomen complex glands, as well as hindgut gland secretions, did not evoke trail following. The optimum concentration of trail pheromone was found to be 0.1 gland equivalent/40 cm trail. This concentration demonstrated effective longevity for about one hour. This study also showed that P. sennaarensis and Tapinoma simrothi each respond to the trail pheromones of the other species as well as their own.

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“…Again, use of toxins for competition should qualify as a venom regardless of whether it is also used for predation and defence. In addition to the use of venom for self and/or colony defence (generally by injection), some hymenopterans also spray their 'venom' to keep their broods free of parasites in the context of hygiene (Oi & Pereira, 1993), and some ants spray the same secretion that is used as a venom for trail marking in the context of communication (Blum, 1966;Mashaly, Ali & Ali, 2010). Clearly, venoms can be co-opted or exapted for other purposes, just as secretions serving other purposes can be co-opted or exapted to become a venom.…”

Section: (4) Biological Role(s)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Poisons, toxungens, and venoms: redefining and classifying toxic biological secretions and the organisms that employ them

et al. 2013

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Despite extensive study of poisonous and venomous organisms and the toxins they produce, a review of the literature reveals inconsistency and ambiguity in the definitions of 'poison' and 'venom'. These two terms are frequently conflated with one another, and with the more general term, 'toxin.' We therefore clarify distinctions among three major classes of toxins (biological, environmental, and anthropogenic or man-made), evaluate prior definitions of venom which differentiate it from poison, and propose more rigorous definitions for poison and venom based on differences in mechanism of delivery. We also introduce a new term, 'toxungen', thereby partitioning toxic biological secretions into three categories: poisons lacking a delivery mechanism, i.e. ingested, inhaled, or absorbed across the body surface; toxungens delivered to the body surface without an accompanying wound; and venoms, delivered to internal tissues via creation of a wound. We further propose a system to classify toxic organisms with respect to delivery mechanism (absent versus present), source (autogenous versus heterogenous), and storage of toxins (aglandular versus glandular). As examples, a frog that acquires toxins from its diet, stores the secretion within cutaneous glands, and transfers the secretion upon contact or ingestion would be heteroglandular-poisonous; an ant that produces its own toxins, stores the secretion in a gland, and sprays it for defence would be autoglandular-toxungenous; and an anemone that produces its own toxins within specialized cells that deliver the secretion via a penetrating wound would be autoaglandular-venomous. Adoption of our scheme should benefit our understanding of both proximate and ultimate causes in the evolution of these toxins.

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Source, optimal dose concentration and longevity of trail pheromone in two Monomorium ants (Formicidae: Hymenoptera)

Cited by 8 publications

References 11 publications

Trail communication in twoMessorspecies,M. meridionalisandM. foreli(Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Trail communication in twoMessorspecies,M. meridionalisandM. foreli(Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

The Trail Pheromone of the Venomous Samsum Ant,Pachycondyla sennaarensis

Poisons, toxungens, and venoms: redefining and classifying toxic biological secretions and the organisms that employ them

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