Source of saline groundwater on tidally influenced blue holes on San Salvador Island, Bahamas

Smith, Megan E.; Wynn, Jonathan G.; Scharping, Robert J.; Moore, E.; Garey, James R.; Onac, Bogdan P.

doi:10.1007/s10040-020-02266-z

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…전세계적으로 해안지대에서의 지하수 염분화(salinization of groundwater)는 주로 해수 침투(seawater intrusion)에 의한 현상으로 해석되며, 이러한 해수 침투는 자연적으 로 발생되기도 하고, 해안 대수층 지하수를 사용하게 됨 으로써 인위적으로 유도되거나 증폭되기도 한다 (Calvache and Pulido-Bosch, 1997;Barker et al, 1998;Martínez and Bocanegra, 2002;Ozler, 2003;Kim et al, 2004;Pool and Carrera, 2010;Badaruddin et al, 2015;Cao et al, 2021;Boufekane et al, 2022). 지하수 내 높은 염분에 대한 원 인은 해수 침투 이외에도 퇴적물 내 잔존하는 고(古)염 분 지하수(fossil saline water within sediments), 암염 용 해(halite dissolution), 석유/가스 부존지역 염수(oiland gas-field brine), 농업 유출수(agricultural effluents), 제설 용 소금(CaCl 2 -deicers), 음식물에 사용된 소금(NaCl), 해 무(sea spray) 등 다양한 것으로 보고되었다 (Park et al, 2002;Chi et al, 2003;Kim et al, 2004;Freeman, 2007;Akouvi et al, 2008;Kim and Koretsky, 2013;Kang and Jackson, 2016;Redwan et al, 2020;Smith et al, 2021).…”

Section: 서 론unclassified

Fossil Saline Groundwater and Their Flushing Out At Gilsan Stream Catchment in the Western Coastal Area of Seocheon, Korea

Moon

Yoon

Lee

2022

Econ. Environ. Geol.

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It has been reported that about 47% of groundwater wells within 10 km from the coastline in the western/southern coastal areas of Korea were affected by seawater. It has been interpreted that the cause of groundwater salinization is seawater intrusion. The Gilsan stream in the Seocheon area was a tidal stream until the Geumgang estuary dam was constructed and operated. Therefore, it is likely that the Gilsan stream catchment was deposited with sediments containing high-saline formation water prior to the use of landfill farmland at this catchment area. The groundwater in this study area showed EC values ranging from 111 to 21,000 µS/cm, and the water quality types were diverse including Ca(or Na)-HCO 3 , Ca(or Na)-HCO 3 (Cl), Na-Cl(HCO 3 ), Na-Cl types. It is believed that this diversity of water quality is due to the mixing of seawater and fresh groundwater generated by infiltration of precipitation and surface water through soil and weathered part. In this study, we discussed whether this water quality diversity and the presence of saline groundwater are due to present seawater intrusion or to remnant high-saline pore water in sediments during flushing out process. For this, rain water, surface water, seawater, and groundwater were compared regarding the water quality characteristics, tritium content, oxygen/hydrogen stable isotopic composition, and 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratio. The oxygen/hydrogen stable isotopic compositions indicated that water composition of saline groundwaters with large EC values are composed of a mixture of those of fresh groundwater and surface water. Also, the young groundwater estimated by tritium content has generally higher NO 3 content. All these characteristics showed that fresh groundwater and surface water have continued to affect the high-saline groundwater quality in the study area. In addition, considering the deviation pattern in the diagrams of Na/Cl ratio versus Cl content and SAR (sodium adsorption ratio) versus Cl content, in which two end members of fresh surface-ground water and seawater are assumed, it is interpreted that the groundwater in the study area is not experiencing present seawater intrusion, but flush out and retreating from ancient saline formation water.

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Section: 서 론unclassified

Fossil Saline Groundwater and Their Flushing Out At Gilsan Stream Catchment in the Western Coastal Area of Seocheon, Korea

Moon

Yoon

Lee

2022

Econ. Environ. Geol.

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“…Blue holes in The Bahamas (Mylroie and Mylroie, 2007;Tamalavage et al, 2018;Little et al, 2021) and in the western Caribbean are also notable due to their remarkable structures, such as Dean's Blue Hole in The Bahamas (~202 m deep) (Vimpere, 2017) or the Great Blue Hole off the coasts of Belize (~125 m deep) (Jones and Dill, 2002;Gischler et al, 2013;Schmitt et al, 2021). These karst features are relevant to marine scientific research as they represent repositories of paleoenvironmental and paleoclimate information that enhance the understanding of environmental (Husson et al, 2018) and geologic processes (van Hengstum et al, 2020), provide support for modeling the mixing zone (Bottrell et al, 1991), the connectivity of aquifers (Martin et al, 2012) and the water origin of these hydrogeologic systems (Smith et al, 2021). They offer windows into regional hydroclimate variability (Winkler et al, 2020;Wallace et al, 2021) and are galleries to observe subfossil benthic meiofauna and modern biodiversity (van Hengstum et al, 2011;Gonzalez et al, 2020;Baremore et al, 2021;Little et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First insights into an exceptionally deep blue hole in the Western Caribbean: The Taam ja’ Blue Hole

Alcérreca‐Huerta

Álvarez-Legorreta²,

Carrillo³

et al. 2023

Front. Mar. Sci.

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Coastal karst formations may remain unexplored by the global marine scientific research community. Knowledge provided by fishermen coupled with scientific research on karstic formations prompted us to explore the geomorphometric and physicochemical features of a submerged blue hole in the large tropical estuary of Chetumal Bay in the southeastern coast of the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico. Differently from the well-known literature on cenotes in the Yucatán Peninsula, no references are made to blue holes in the region. Sampling and surveying of the blue hole were conducted in September 2021 by scuba, echosounders, CTD profilers, and the collection of water samples. This study revealed a previously unknown maximum water depth for the Taam ja’ Blue Hole, as it is now named, of 274.4 meters below sea level (mbsl), making it the second deepest known blue hole in the world. The Taam ja’ Blue Hole has a nearly circular shape at its surface, encompassing an area of ~13,690 m2. The sides of the blue hole are steep, with slopes >80° that form a large conic structure covered by biofilms, sediments, limestone, and gypsum ledges. The blue hole mouth locates at ~4.5-5.0 mbsl, at which water properties change significantly with temperature and salinity gradients of 4.9°C/m and 9.8 PSU/m, respectively. Hydrographic profiles show a stratified water column inside the blue hole consisting of a hypoxic layer (5-20 mbsl), a chemocline (50-80 mbsl), and an anoxic layer (>110 mbsl). Evaluation of anions and cations indicated that the water inside corresponds mainly to that of diluted seawater.

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Coastal Blue Holes in a Large and Shallow Tropical Estuary: Geomorphometry and Temporal Variability of the Physicochemical Properties

Flórez-Franco,

Alcérreca-Huerta,

Reyes-Mendoza

et al. 2023

Estuaries and Coasts

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Source of saline groundwater on tidally influenced blue holes on San Salvador Island, Bahamas

Cited by 7 publications

References 40 publications

Fossil Saline Groundwater and Their Flushing Out At Gilsan Stream Catchment in the Western Coastal Area of Seocheon, Korea

Fossil Saline Groundwater and Their Flushing Out At Gilsan Stream Catchment in the Western Coastal Area of Seocheon, Korea

First insights into an exceptionally deep blue hole in the Western Caribbean: The Taam ja’ Blue Hole

Coastal Blue Holes in a Large and Shallow Tropical Estuary: Geomorphometry and Temporal Variability of the Physicochemical Properties

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