Source of parental melts to carbonatites–critical isotopic constraints

Bell, Keith; Simonetti, Antonio

doi:10.1007/s00710-009-0059-0

Cited by 214 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…It has been supposed, on the basis of a series of petrologic and isotopic evidence, that carbonatite magmas may originate in the deepest parts of the mantle (Dalou et al 2009;Bell and Simonetti 2010;Collerson et al 2010) and be linked to the production of large igneous provinces (Ernst and Bell 2010). Our data on the existence of carbonatitic inclusions in lower-mantle diamond support these ideas.…”

Section: Carbon Diamond and Hotspotssupporting

confidence: 75%

A primary natrocarbonatitic association in the Deep Earth

2015

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In addition to ultramafic and mafic associations, a primary natrocarbonatitic association occurs in the lower mantle. To date, it was identified as inclusions in diamonds from the Juina area, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. It comprises almost 50 mineral species: carbonates, halides, fluorides, phosphates, sulfates, oxides, silicates, sulfides and native elements. In addition, volatiles are present in this association. Among oxides, coexisting periclase and wüstite were identified, pointing to the formation of the natrocarbonatitic association at a depth greater than 2,000 km. Some ironrich (Mg,Fe)O inclusions in diamond are attributed to the lowermost mantle. The initial lower-mantle carbonatitic melt formed as a result of low-fraction partial melting of carbon-containing lower-mantle material, rich in P, F, Cl and other volatile elements, at the core-mantle boundary. During ascent to the surface, the initial carbonatitic melt dissociated into two immiscible parts, a carbonate-silicate and a chloride-carbonate melt. The latter melt is parental to the natrocarbonatitic lower-mantle association. Diamonds with carbonatitic inclusions were formed in carbonatitic melts or high-density fluids.

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Section: Carbon Diamond and Hotspotssupporting

confidence: 75%

A primary natrocarbonatitic association in the Deep Earth

2015

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“…Numerous previous studies have advocated for a direct link between carbonatite melt generation and mantle plumes [74,78,82,83]. As pointed out by Rukhlov and Bell [9], the presence of carbonatites may mark the initiation of mantle-generated magmatism because of the very fluid nature of carbonatitic melts, and the fact that they are produced by low degrees of partial melting (i.e., precursors to basaltic activity, and perhaps are associated with changes in mantle dynamics).…”

Section: Relationship Between Oka Monteregian Igneous Province (Mip)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several previous investigations have advocated for the involvement of HIMU, EMI, and FOZO (Focus Zone) mantle components in the generation of most young (<200 Ma) carbonatites on a global scale [77][78][79][80][81]. On the basis of a compilation of both radiogenic and stable isotopic data from carbonatites worldwide, Bell and Simonetti [82] made the argument that parental carbonatitic magmas are derived from a sub-lithospheric source that is associated with either asthenospheric "upwellings" or more deep-seated, plume-related activity. Amongst the important evidences that support the generation of carbonated melts from sub-lithospheric mantle are: the petrogenetic and temporal association of carbonatites with large igneous provinces (LIPs; e.g., Deccan, Parana), carbonatites with primitive noble gas isotopic signatures, and their radiogenic isotope ratios similar to OIBs.…”

Section: Relationship Between Oka Monteregian Igneous Province (Mip)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for the Multi-Stage Petrogenetic History of the Oka Carbonatite Complex (Québec, Canada) as Recorded by Perovskite and Apatite

Chen¹,

Simonetti²

2014

Minerals

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Abstract:The Oka complex is amongst the youngest carbonatite occurrences in North America and is associated with the Monteregian Igneous Province (MIP; Québec, Canada). The complex consists of both carbonatite and undersaturated silicate rocks (e.g., ijolite, alnöite), and their relative emplacement history is uncertain. The aim of this study is to decipher the petrogenetic history of Oka via the compositional, isotopic and geochronological investigation of accessory minerals, perovskite and apatite, using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). The new compositional data for individual perovskite and apatite grains from both carbonatite and associated alkaline silicate rocks are highly variable and indicative of open system behavior. In situ Sr and Nd isotopic compositions for these two minerals are also variable and support the involvement of several mantle sources. U-Pb ages for both perovskite and apatite define a bimodal distribution, and range between 113 and 135 Ma, which overlaps the range of ages reported previously for Oka and the entire MIP. The overall distribution of ages indicates that alnöite was intruded first, followed by okaite and carbonatite, whereas ijolite defines a bimodal emplacement history. The combined chemical, isotopic, and geochronological data is best explained by invoking the periodic generation of small volume, partial melts generated from heterogeneous mantle.

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“…On the basis of experimental data 3 and compilation of their stable (carbon and oxygen) 4 , noble gas (Ne, Xe, Kr, He and Ar) 5,6 and radiogenic (Nd, Sr and Pb) isotope data 4 , carbonatite melts are clearly derived from Earth's upper mantle. The origin of mantle-derived, carbonate-rich liquids remains unresolved, with models varying from direct partial melting of carbonate-and amphibole-bearing mantle 3 , protracted melt differentiation of a carbonated, silica-undersaturated parental melt 7 or via carbonate-silicate liquid immiscibility 8,9 .…”

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Evidence for the alkaline nature of parental carbonatite melts at Oka complex in Canada

2013

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The Earth's sole active carbonatite volcano, Oldoinyo Lengai (Tanzania), is presently erupting unique natrocarbonatite lavas that are characterized by Na-and K-bearing magmatic carbonates of nyerereite [Na 2 Ca(CO 3 ) 2 ] and gregoryite [(Na 2 ,K 2 ,Ca)CO 3 ]. Contrarily, the vast majority of older, plutonic carbonatite occurrences worldwide are dominated by Ca-(calcite) or Mg-(dolomite)-rich magmatic carbonates. Consequently, this leads to the conundrum as to the composition of primary, mantle-derived carbonatite liquids. Here we report a detailed chemical investigation of melt inclusions associated with intrusive (plutonic) calcite-rich carbonatites from the B120 Ma carbonatite complex of Oka (Canada). Melt inclusions are hosted by magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ), which crystallizes through a significant period of carbonatite melt solidification. Our results indicate mineral assemblages within the melt inclusions that are consistent with those documented in natrocarbonatite lavas. We propose therefore that derivation of alkali-enriched parental carbonatite melts has been more prevalent than that preserved in the geological record.

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Source of parental melts to carbonatites–critical isotopic constraints

Cited by 214 publications

References 75 publications

A primary natrocarbonatitic association in the Deep Earth

A primary natrocarbonatitic association in the Deep Earth

Evidence for the Multi-Stage Petrogenetic History of the Oka Carbonatite Complex (Québec, Canada) as Recorded by Perovskite and Apatite

Evidence for the alkaline nature of parental carbonatite melts at Oka complex in Canada

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