Source of fiber influences growth, immune responses, gut barrier function and microbiota in weaned piglets fed antibiotic-free diets

Shang, Qinghui; Liu, Hansuo; Wu, Di; Mahfuz, Shad

doi:10.1016/j.aninu.2020.12.008

Cited by 25 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(51 reference statements)

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“…Note that the concentration of a dietary fiber is important, because the intestinal filling caused by high fiber diets could reduce voluntary intake and affect the energy intake of a pig [ 39 ]. In this trial, 5% concentration of all the four fibers did not affect the feed intake of piglets, which was consistent with previous studies [ 47 ]. Zhao et al reported that the concentration of 5% WB had beneficial effects on the growth performance and intestinal microflora of weaned piglets [ 35 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Dietary fibers with low hydration properties exacerbate diarrhea and impair intestinal health and nutrient digestibility in weaned piglets

Huang

Cui

Hao

et al. 2022

J Animal Sci Biotechnol

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Background This study aimed to investigate the hydration properties of different-source fibrous materials by comparing their water-binding capacity (WBC), water swelling capacity (WSC), viscosity, and in vivo effects of selected samples on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, diarrhea, and intestinal health in weaned piglets. Methods A total of 13 commercially available fibrous materials were first compared in chemical composition and in vitro hydration property. Subsequently, 40 weaned piglets were randomized to five experimental dietary groups (8 piglets per group): control diet (a basal diet without dietary fiber, CON), basal diet supplemented with 5% microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), 5% wheat bran (WB), 5% Moringaoleifera leaf powder (MOLP), or 5% sugar beet pulp (SBP), followed by analyzing their growth performance and diarrhea rate in a 28-d experiment. After the feeding experiment, anaesthetized piglets were killed, and their intestinal and colon content or plasma samples were analyzed in nutrient digestibility, intestinal morphology, intestinal barrier, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and bacterial population. Results In vitro studies showed low hydration properties for WB and MCC, while medium hydration properties for MOLP and SBP. In vivo studies indicated that compared with medium hydration property groups, low hydration property groups showed (1) exacerbated diarrhea, impaired intestinal health, and reduced apparent fecal digestibility of dry matter, gross energy, acid detergent fiber, and neutral detergent fiber; (2) decreased SCFAs concentration and relative levels of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, but increased levels of Escherichia coli and Brachyspira hyodysenteriae in colon contents. Additionally, SBP showed optimal performance in reducing diarrhea and increasing SCFAs production. Correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation of fiber hydration properties with in vitro SCFAs production, and diarrhea index and nutrient digestibility were negatively and positively correlated with SCFAs levels in the colon contents of weaned piglets, respectively. Conclusions Different-source dietary fibers varied in their hydration properties and impacts on diarrhea, microbial composition and SCFAs production in weaned piglets. WB and MCC could exacerbate diarrhea and impair nutrient digestibility, probably because their low hydration properties were detrimental to gut microbial homeostasis and fermentation. Our findings provide new ideas for rational use of fiber resources in weaned piglets.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Dietary fibers with low hydration properties exacerbate diarrhea and impair intestinal health and nutrient digestibility in weaned piglets

Huang

Cui

Hao

et al. 2022

J Animal Sci Biotechnol

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show abstract

“…This finding is supported by Batson et al ( 2021 ), who demonstrated that piglets fed different fiber source had no change in growth performance, but pigs fed added cellulose had increased fecal DM. In addition, these findings suggest that DF treatment could reduce the diarrhea rate in piglets, which is consistent with the findings of Shang et al ( 2021 ). The results of this study showed that the testes exhibited temporal and spatial changes with the development of growing boars.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

The Improvement of Semen Quality by Dietary Fiber Intake Is Positively Related With Gut Microbiota and SCFA in a Boar Model

et al. 2022

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Although fiber-rich diets have been positively associated with sperm quality, there have not been any studies that have examined the effects of dietary fiber and its metabolites on sperm quality in young or pre-pubescent animals. In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of dietary fiber supplementation on semen quality and the underlying mechanisms in a boar model. Sixty purebred Yorkshire weaning boars were randomly divided into the four groups (T1–T4). Groups T1, T2, and T3 boars were fed diets with different levels of fiber until reaching 160 days of age and were then fed the same diet, while group T4 boars were fed a basal diet supplemented with butyrate and probiotics. Compared with T1 boars, sperm motility and effective sperm number were significantly higher among T3 boars. Meanwhile, at 240 days of age, the acetic acid and total short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) contents in the sera of T3 and T4 boars were significantly higher than those in T1 boars. The abundance of microbiota in T2 and T3 boars was significantly higher than that in T1 boars (P < 0.01). Moreover, dietary fiber supplementation increased “beneficial gut microbes” such as UCG-005, Rumenococcus, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group and Lactobacillus and decreased the relative abundance of “harmful microbes” such as Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Romboutsia and Turicibacter. Collectively, the findings of this study indicate that dietary fiber supplementation improves gut microbiota and promotes SCFA production, thereby enhancing spermatogenesis and semen quality. Moreover, the effects of dietary fiber are superior to those of derived metabolites.

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“…Note that the dosage of dietary ber is important, because the intestinal lling caused by high ber diets reduces the voluntary intake and affects the energy intake of the pig [28]. In this trial, 5% doses of all four bers with different WBC and fermentability did not affect the feed intake of piglets, which was consistent with previous studies [32]. Zhao et al, reported that the dosage of 5% WB had bene cial effects on the growth performance and intestinal micro ora of weaned piglets [33].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Sugar beet pulp with medium water binding capacity and high fermentability improves the intestinal health and growth performance of weaned piglets

Huang

Cui

Cheng

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background This study was aimed to investigate the hydration and fermentation characteristics of fibrous materials through an in vitro study to screen out dietary fibers with varying water binding capacity (WBC) / fermentability, and evaluate their effects on the growth, diarrhea, and intestinal health of weaned piglets. Methods The hydration properties of 13 commercially available fibrous materials were first compared in terms of in vitro viscosity, WBC and water swelling capacity, followed by enzymatically hydrolysis of all the fibrous materials with pepsin and pancreatin, and in vitro fermentation of the enzymolyzed residues, during which gas and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production were monitored. Subsequently, 40 weaned piglets were randomized to five experimental dietary groups (8 piglets per group): (1) the control diet (a basal diet without dietary fiber, CON), a basal diet supplemented with (2) 5% microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), (3) 5% wheat bran (WB), (4) 5% moringa oleifera leaf powder (MOLP), and (5) 5% sugar beet pulp (SBP), and their growth performance and diarrhea rate were calculated. At the end of feeding experiments, anaesthetized piglets were killed, and their intestinal and colonic digesta or plasma samples were analyzed in terms of intestinal morphology, intestinal barrier, inflammatory cytokines, SCFAs, and bacterial population. Results In vitro studies revealed a similar low WBC (2.1–2.3 g/g), but different fermentability (MCC < WB) for MCC (low WBC, low fermentability) and WB (low WBC, high fermentability) as well as a similar medium WBC (4.4–4.9 g/g), but different fermentability (MOLP < SBP) for MOLP (medium WBC, low fermentability) and SBP (medium WBC, high fermentability). In vivo studies showed that: 1) Compared with the MOLP group, the SBP group showed improved G/F ratio and reduced diarrhea rate in the first two weeks after weaning. Moreover, the SBP-fed weaned piglets were higher than the MOLP-fed weaned piglets in total SCFA concentration as well as the relative levels of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, but lower in the level of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae in colonic digesta. 2) Compared with the medium WBC groups (MOLP and SBP), the low WBC (MCC and WB) groups were showed increased diarrhea and reduced apparent fecal digestibility of dry matter, gross energy, and crude protein. 3) Compared with the WB group, the MCC group showed increased crypt depth and mRNA level of tumor necrosis factor-α, but impaired jejunum barrier. Conclusions Both the WBC and fermentability of fibrous materials affected the intestinal health and growth performance of weaned piglets. The overall

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Source of fiber influences growth, immune responses, gut barrier function and microbiota in weaned piglets fed antibiotic-free diets

Cited by 25 publications

References 44 publications

Dietary fibers with low hydration properties exacerbate diarrhea and impair intestinal health and nutrient digestibility in weaned piglets

Dietary fibers with low hydration properties exacerbate diarrhea and impair intestinal health and nutrient digestibility in weaned piglets

The Improvement of Semen Quality by Dietary Fiber Intake Is Positively Related With Gut Microbiota and SCFA in a Boar Model

Sugar beet pulp with medium water binding capacity and high fermentability improves the intestinal health and growth performance of weaned piglets

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