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Kurz, Jochen H.; Schumacher, Thomas; Linzer, Lindsay; Schechinger, Barbara; Große, Christian U.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-67936-1_6

Springer Tracts in Civil Engineering

2021

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-67936-1_6

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Jochen H. Kurz¹,

Thomas Schumacher²,

Lindsay Linzer³

et al.

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Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Figure 3. (a)Relationships between the velocity of the ultrasound compression wave and the angle between propagation and fiber direction in European spruce lumber (moisture content not available) (Source:[32]), (b) average compression wave velocity in good-quality wood with the moisture content of 12% is a function of annual ring orientation (figure based on data from[30]). …”

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confidence: 99%

Imaging of Structural Timber Based on In Situ Radar and Ultrasonic Wave Measurements: A Review of the State-of-the-Art

Pahnabi,

Schumacher,

Sinha

2024

Sensors

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With the rapidly growing interest in using structural timber, a need exists to inspect and assess these structures using non-destructive testing (NDT). This review article summarizes NDT methods for wood inspection. After an overview of the most important NDT methods currently used, a detailed review of Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) and Ultrasonic Testing (UST) is presented. These two techniques can be applied in situ and produce useful visual representations for quantitative assessments and damage detection. With its commercial availability and portability, GPR can help rapidly identify critical features such as moisture, voids, and metal connectors in wood structures. UST, which effectively detects deep cracks, delaminations, and variations in ultrasonic wave velocity related to moisture content, complements GPR’s capabilities. The non-destructive nature of both techniques preserves the structural integrity of timber, enabling thorough assessments without compromising integrity and durability. Techniques such as the Synthetic Aperture Focusing Technique (SAFT) and Total Focusing Method (TFM) allow for reconstructing images that an inspector can readily interpret for quantitative assessment. The development of new sensors, instruments, and analysis techniques has continued to improve the application of GPR and UST on wood. However, due to the hon-homogeneous anisotropic properties of this complex material, challenges remain to quantify defects and characterize inclusions reliably and accurately. By integrating advanced imaging algorithms that consider the material’s complex properties, combining measurements with simulations, and employing machine learning techniques, the implementation and application of GPR and UST imaging and damage detection for wood structures can be further advanced.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging of Structural Timber Based on In Situ Radar and Ultrasonic Wave Measurements: A Review of the State-of-the-Art

Pahnabi,

Schumacher,

Sinha

2024

Sensors

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Transversely Isotropic Slates Subject to Compressive Differential Cyclic Loading, Part II: Numerical Modeling of Mechanical Responses and AE Behaviors

Song,

Zhang,

Yang

et al. 2024

Rock Mech Rock Eng

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Failure Characteristics and Scale in a Sandstone Joint Subjected to Direct Shear Testing: Experimental Investigation with Acoustic Emission Monitoring

et al. 2022

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An in-depth recognition of the failure characteristics and scale of joints is of great significance for the stability assessment in rock engineering. Unfortunately, due to the close fitting of the upper and lower blocks of the joint under direct shear tests, the shear failure of joints are difficult to observe directly during the shear process. Thus, in this work, direct shear tests were carried out on sandstone joints subjected to three levels of normal stress while the acoustic emission (AE) in the rock is synchronously monitored. The failure characteristics of rock joints were then investigated by calibrating the AE system and combining them with the AE location results and shear load curves. A method was established to determine the failure scale of the rock joint that uses the AE moment tensor and first law of thermodynamics. The results show that the degree of failure of the rock joints increases as the normal stress increases. Also, the shear failure of the rock joints is localized and occurs synchronously, rather than sequentially in different areas. The average length of the microfractures formed in the shear process correlates with the average mineral grain size. On the other hand, the maximum length of the microfractures appears to have different values depending on the normal stress present. Our results have significant reference value for the precursory identification of shear disaster in engineering rock masses.

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Cited by 3 publications

References 57 publications

Imaging of Structural Timber Based on In Situ Radar and Ultrasonic Wave Measurements: A Review of the State-of-the-Art

Imaging of Structural Timber Based on In Situ Radar and Ultrasonic Wave Measurements: A Review of the State-of-the-Art

Transversely Isotropic Slates Subject to Compressive Differential Cyclic Loading, Part II: Numerical Modeling of Mechanical Responses and AE Behaviors

Failure Characteristics and Scale in a Sandstone Joint Subjected to Direct Shear Testing: Experimental Investigation with Acoustic Emission Monitoring

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