Source identification of oil spills by pattern recognition analysis of natural elemental composition

Chemical fingerprinting of spilled or discharged petroleum — methods and factors affecting petroleum fingerprints in the environment

“…(e.g., Kreider, 1971;Ehrhardt and Blumer, 1972;Duewer et al, 1975;Bentz, 1976Bentz, , 1978Albaiges and Albrecht, 1979). (e.g., Kreider, 1971;Ehrhardt and Blumer, 1972;Duewer et al, 1975;Bentz, 1976Bentz, , 1978Albaiges and Albrecht, 1979).…”

The origin of emeralds embedded in archaeological artefacts in Slovenia

“…Characteristic grouping of the measured data was tested by principal component analysis (PCA) using the oxides of Na, Mg, Al, K, and Ca; the concentrations were transformed according to c´=ln(1+c) following the method of Duewer et al, 1975. As shown in Figure 21, the emeralds for particular artefacts are nicely grouped, indicating that each artefact contains emeralds from an individual source.…”

Atomic absorption techniques for determining vanadium and nickel in crude oil

“…11 Since no single analytical method has been developed for characterization and, hence, identification of each crude oil and related material, a multianalytical approach is required (1,5,16)4. Trace elemental analysis and, in particular, trace metal analyses are commA[y Gied in this approach (1,5,8,16).…”