Source identification of n-alkanes and isoprenoids using diagnostic ratios and carbon isotopic composition on crude oils and surface waters from the Gulf of Mexico

Hernández-Guzmán, Félix Augusto; Macías-Zamora, José Vinicio; Ramírez-Álvarez, Nancy; Quezada-Hernández, Cristina; Ortiz-López, Roxana

doi:10.1007/s10661-021-09440-0

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…The carbon preference index (CPI) (the calculation method is shown in Text S1 ) was usually used to evaluate the emission contributions. CPI of n-alkanes greater than 5 was typically identified as related to plant wax, while that close to 1 was assigned as fossil fuel combustion [ 8 , 24 ]. As shown in Table S2 , the daily CPI for TSP show a narrow range from 1.1 ± 0.08 to 1.3 ± 0.17, indicating that fossil fuel combustion was stably predominant in this urban city throughout the year.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Composition, Seasonal Variation, and Size Distribution of n-Alkanes, PAHs, and Saccharides in a Medium-Sized City of Guanzhong Plain, Northwest China: Evaluation of Control Measures Executed in the Past Decade

Zhou

Feng

et al. 2023

Toxics

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Baoji is a medium-sized city in the Guanzhong Plain of northwest China. The compositions of three important organic groups, namely n-alkanes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and saccharides in atmospheric aerosol with different aerodynamic diameters in power were determined. Both seasonal and daily trends of the target organic chemical groups were demonstrated. The concentration levels of total quantified n-alkanes and saccharides in total suspended particles (TSP) in winter were 541 ± 39 and 651 ± 74 ng·m−3, respectively, much higher than those of the other three seasons. A high total quantified PAHs concentration level of 59.6 ± 6.4 ng·m−3 was also seen in wintertime. n-Alkanes showed a bimodal percent distribution in spring, autumn, and winter. Two peaks were found with the particle sizes of 0.7 μm < Dp < 2.1 μm and 3.3 μm < Dp < 4.7 μm, respectively. In summer, a unimodal was seen with a peak of 4.7 μm < Dp < 5.8 μm. Dehydrated saccharides and PAHs present a unimodal size distribution peaking at the aerodynamic diameters of 0.7 µm < Dp < 2.1 µm. In contrast to glucose and fructose, they mainly exist in the coarse mode particles and have the highest concentrations at aerodynamic diameters of 4.7 µm < Dp < 9.0 µm. The geometric mean diameters (GMD) of n-alkanes and saccharides of the fine particles in winter were higher than in the other seasons. Compared with the data in 2008, the fossil fuel-derived n-alkanes and PAHs in winter decreased by nearly an order of magnitude in 2017. Both the carbon preference index (CPI) of n-alkanes and the diagnostic ratios of PAHs suggest that coal combustion and vehicle exhaust were the major pollution sources of the organic groups in the two decades. It should be noted that the contribution of traffic emissions greatly increased from 2008 to 2017, consistently with a large raise of registered vehicles in Baoji city. The overall results confirm that the control measures conducted by the local government in the recent decade mitigated the air pollution in this city.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Composition, Seasonal Variation, and Size Distribution of n-Alkanes, PAHs, and Saccharides in a Medium-Sized City of Guanzhong Plain, Northwest China: Evaluation of Control Measures Executed in the Past Decade

Zhou

Feng

et al. 2023

Toxics

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“…In fact, it retains the predominance of odd n-alkanes typical of biogenic emissions; however, the maximum shifts into the C 15 -C 21 range. Thus, this percent distribution often characterizes the short/medium C-chain non-polar hydrocarbons collected at seaside locations (Romagnoli et al 2016, Yu et al 2019, Hernández-Guzmán et al 2021, Gal et al 2022; worth of note, this distribution is distinct from that associated to petrogenic sources, where the predominance of odd homologs is not observed.…”

Section: N-alkanesmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The important presence of petroleum components (e.g., branched alkanes pristane and phytane) compared with nC 17 and nC 18 , respectively, looks as a track of motor vehicle emission (Hamilton et al 1984 ; Alexandrino et al 2019 ; Alkhafaji 2021 ), or petrol spill from contaminated sediments, soils, and waters (Jeng 2006 ; Stortini et al 2009 ; Wang et al 2011 ; Shirneshan et al 2016 ; Azimi-Yancheshmeh et al 2017 , Hernández-Guzmán et al 2021 ). These ratios are adopted also to index the maturity of petroleum and bitumen affecting sediments (Omotoye et al 2016 ; Gao et al 2021 ).…”

Section: The State-of-the-art Of Research About Molecular Signatures ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular signatures of organic particulates as tracers of emission sources

Cecinato

Bacaloni

Romagnoli

et al. 2022

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Chemical signature of airborne particulates and deposition dusts is subject of study since decades. Usually, three complementary composition markers are investigated, namely, (i) specific organic compounds; (ii) concentration ratios between congeners, and (iii) percent distributions of homologs. Due to its intrinsic limits (e.g., variability depending on decomposition and gas/particle equilibrium), the identification of pollution sources based on molecular signatures results overall restricted to qualitative purposes. Nevertheless, chemical fingerprints allow drawing preliminary information, suitable for successfully approaching multivariate analysis and valuing the relative importance of sources. Here, the state-of-the-art is presented about the molecular fingerprints of non-polar aliphatic, polyaromatic (PAHs, nitro-PAHs), and polar (fatty acids, organic halides, polysaccharides) compounds in emissions. Special concern was addressed to alkenes and alkanes with carbon numbers ranging from 12 to 23 and ≥ 24, which displayed distinct relative abundances in petrol-derived spills and exhausts, emissions from microorganisms, high vegetation, and sediments. Long-chain alkanes associated with tobacco smoke were characterized by a peculiar iso/anteiso/normal homolog fingerprint and by n-hentriacontane percentages higher than elsewhere. Several concentration ratios of PAHs were identified as diagnostic of the type of emission, and the sources of uncertainty were elucidated. Despite extensive investigations conducted so far, the origin of uncommon molecular fingerprints, e.g., alkane/alkene relationships in deposition dusts and airborne particles, remains quite unclear. Polar organics resulted scarcely investigated for pollution apportioning purposes, though they looked as indicative of the nature of sources. Finally, the role of humans and living organisms as actual emitters of chemicals seems to need concern in the future.

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“…In contrast, the NAR value in La Pesca (-1.00) suggests a strong contribution of hydrocarbons from higher terrestrial plants or marine plants. In sediment, NAR ranged from 0.31 to 0.67, indicating a moderate contribution of petrogenic sources or even a mixture of hydrocarbons from high vascular marine or terrestrial plants (Hernańdez-Guzmań et al, 2021). On the other hand, the TAR ratio helps to differentiate the terrestrial contribution from aquatic sources of n-alkanes based on long-and short-chain of odd compounds (Rielley et al, 1991;Jafféet al, 2001).…”

Section: Diagnostic Ratios Of N-alkanes and Pahsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, isoprenoids such as pristane (Pr) and phytane (Ph) are derived from the diagenetic processes of phytol, and they are not primary components in the terrestrial biota (Peters et al, 2005;Babcock-Adams et al, 2017). Furthermore, diagnostic ratios based on Pr and Ph have been used as markers of biodegradation for oil spills (Hernańdez-Guzmań et al, 2021). In this study, Pr/Ph values in soft tissues (data not shown) were close to one or slightly greater than one (0.90-1.67), except for Tamiahua (0.42).…”

Section: Diagnostic Ratios Of N-alkanes and Pahsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrocarbons occurrence and transcriptomic response of oyster Crassostrea virginica from lagoons of the Southern Gulf of Mexico

et al. 2023

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The Gulf of Mexico is an important crude oil reserve worldwide, and the oyster Crassostrea virginica is an excellent candidate to study the oil spill impacts on marine invertebrates. In this work, the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and aliphatic hydrocarbons (AHs) from eight productive oyster areas in the Gulf of Mexico were measured on sediment, water, and tissues from C. virginica. In water, the highest AHs concentration was detected in Tamiahua (0.50 ng/mL), while for PAHs, the highest concentration was > 0.10 ng/mL in Tampamachoco. In sediment, Tamiahua and Tampamachoco lagoons had the highest AHs concentrations with values near 2.5 μg/g dry weight. Considering the PAHs, Tamiahua, Carmen, and Tampamachoco lagoons registered the highest levels, with values > 60 ng/g dry weight. In tissues from C. virginica, La Pesca, Cármen and Mecoacán presented the highest PAHs concentrations with values between 0.20 and 0.25 μg/g dry weight. Furthermore, from the molecular analysis of genes related with different phases of the xenobiotic detoxification process such as hypoxia inducible factor (hif-1a), cytochrome P450 10 (cyp10), flavin mono-oxygenase (fmo), glutathione S-transferase (gstΩ1), multidrug resistant protein (mdrd1), catalase (cat), among others, the differences between lagoons were significant (P< 0.05) and generally with Las Enramadas showing the highest expression levels. From genes evaluated in this study, hif-1a, cyp10, fmo, mdrd1 and cat presented the highest expression differentials between lagoons. The above allowed us to validate the utility of molecular markers in the assessment of the hydrocarbons effect on oyster under the conditions from the Southern Gulf of Mexico.

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Source identification of n-alkanes and isoprenoids using diagnostic ratios and carbon isotopic composition on crude oils and surface waters from the Gulf of Mexico

Cited by 3 publications

References 56 publications

Molecular Composition, Seasonal Variation, and Size Distribution of n-Alkanes, PAHs, and Saccharides in a Medium-Sized City of Guanzhong Plain, Northwest China: Evaluation of Control Measures Executed in the Past Decade

Molecular Composition, Seasonal Variation, and Size Distribution of n-Alkanes, PAHs, and Saccharides in a Medium-Sized City of Guanzhong Plain, Northwest China: Evaluation of Control Measures Executed in the Past Decade

Molecular signatures of organic particulates as tracers of emission sources

Hydrocarbons occurrence and transcriptomic response of oyster Crassostrea virginica from lagoons of the Southern Gulf of Mexico

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