Source emission and model evaluation of formaldehyde from composite and solid wood furniture in a full-scale chamber

Liu, Xiaoyu; Mason, Mark A.; Guo, Zhishi; Krebs, K.; Roache, Nancy F.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.09.062

Cited by 34 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…Generally speaking, the single exponential model has been widely applied to t VOCs emissions and predict VOCs concentrations in environmental chambers in previous studies. [22][23][24] This model can be derived from the diffusion and mass transfer process of VOCs emissions from the material to the ambient air. 25 Its form is simple, which is benecial to the application in practical engineering.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factor analysis of the influence of environmental conditions on VOC emissions from medium density fibreboard and the correlation of the factors with fitting parameters

et al. 2021

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factor analysis of the influence of environmental conditions on VOC emissions from medium density fibreboard and the correlation of the factors with fitting parameters

et al. 2021

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“…Formaldehyde (HCHO) is a pollutant that is present in ambient air but also indoors. It affects human health by irritating the respiratory system and by being carcinogenic (Gupta et al, 1982;Casset et al, 2005;World Health Organization, 2010;Fortems-Cheiney et al, 2012;Liu et al, 2015;Salthammer, 2019;Qin et al, 2020). It is formed in the atmosphere as a product of the oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and in combustion processes, includ-ing biomass burning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The efficiency of these processes depends on the nature of the surface, but they represent a small sink for HCHO globally (Anderson et al, 2017;Alvarado et al, 2020;Wolfe et al, 2019). Overall, HCHO has a typical chemical lifetime in the troposphere of a few hours during the day and up to 2 d during the night, when photolysis and the reaction with OH do not play a big role (Lowe and Schmidt, 1983;Seinfeld and Pandis, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of formaldehyde measurements by Hantzsch, CRDS and DOAS in the SAPHIR chamber

Glowania¹,

Rohrer²,

Dorn³

et al. 2021

Atmos. Meas. Tech.

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Abstract. Three instruments that use different techniques to measure gaseous formaldehyde (HCHO) concentrations were compared in experiments in the atmospheric simulation chamber SAPHIR at Forschungszentrum Jülich. One instrument (AL4021, Aero-Laser GmbH) detects HCHO using the wet-chemical Hantzsch reaction (for efficient gas-phase stripping), chemical conversion and fluorescence measurement. An internal HCHO permeation source allows for daily calibrations. This instrument was characterized by sulfuric acid titration (overall accuracy 8.6 %) and yields measurements with a time resolution of 90 s and a limit of detection (3σ) of 0.3 ppbv. In addition, a new commercial instrument that makes use of cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) determined the concentrations of HCHO, water vapour, and methane (G2307, Picarro, Inc.). Its limit of detection (3σ) is specified as 0.3 ppbv for an integration time of 300 s, and its accuracy is limited by the drift of the zero signal (manufacturer specification 1.5 ppbv). A custom-built high-resolution laser differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) instrument provided HCHO measurements with a limit of detection (3σ) of 0.9 ppbv and an accuracy of 7 % using an optical multiple reflection cell. The measurements were conducted from June to December 2019 in experiments in which either ambient air flowed through the chamber or the photochemical degradation of organic compounds in synthetic air was investigated. Measured HCHO concentrations were up to 8 ppbv. Various mixtures of organic compounds, water vapour, nitrogen oxides and ozone were present in these experiments. Results demonstrate the need to correct the baseline in measurements performed by the Hantzsch instrument to compensate for drifting background signals. Corrections were equivalent to HCHO mixing ratios in the range of 0.5–1.5 ppbv. The baseline of the CRDS instrument showed a linear dependence on the water vapour mixing ratio with a slope of (-11.20±1.60) ppbv %−1 below and (-0.72±0.08) ppbv %−1 above a water vapour mixing ratio of 0.2 %. In addition, the intercepts of these linear relationships drifted within the specification of the instrument (1.5 ppbv) over time but appeared to be equal for all water mixing ratios. Regular zero measurements are needed to account for the changes in the instrument zero. After correcting for the baselines of measurements by the Hantzsch and the CRDS instruments, linear regression analysis of measurements from all three instruments in experiments with ambient air indicated good agreement, with slopes of between 0.98 and 1.08 and negligible intercepts (linear correlation coefficients R2>0.96). The new small CRDS instrument measures HCHO with good precision and is accurate if the instrument zero is taken into account. Therefore, it can provide measurements with similar accuracy to the DOAS instrument but with slightly reduced precision compared to the Hantzsch instrument.

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“…Formaldehyde resin is used as an adhesive in plywood [8], [9] and in carpeting [10], and is also used in the production of paints [11] and wallpapers [12]. Emission levels are highest when products are new, generally decreasing exponentially, but can take several years to reach safe levels [6], [7], [13]. As a result formaldehyde gas can often build up in enclosed areas and, particularly when new furnishings or carpeting have been installed, it can pose a serious health risk.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Dispersive Ultra-Violet Spectroscopic Detection of Formaldehyde Gas for Indoor Environments

Davenport

Hodgkinson

Saffell³

et al. 2018

IEEE Sensors J.

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We describe a simple method for detecting formaldehyde using low resolution non-dispersive UV absorption spectroscopy. A two channel sensor was developed, making use of a strong absorption peak at 339 nm and a neighboring region of negligible absorption at 336 nm as a reference. Using a modulated UV LED as a light source and narrow laser-line filters to select the desired spectral bands, a simple detection system was constructed specifically targeted at formaldehyde. By paying particular attention to sources of noise, a minimum detectable absorbance of 5 × 10 −5 absorbance units (AU) was demonstrated with a 20 s averaging period (as I/I 0). The system was tested with formaldehyde finding a limit of detection of 4.3 ppm for a 195 mm gas cell. As a consequence of the low gas flow rates used in our test system, a time period of over 8 min was used in further tests, which increased the minimum detectable absorbance to 2 × 10 −4 AU, 17 ppm of formaldehyde. The increase was the result of thermal drift caused by unwanted temperature variation of the UV LED and the filters, resulting in a zero uncertainty estimated at −560 ppm°C −1 and 100 ppm°C −1 respectively.

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Source emission and model evaluation of formaldehyde from composite and solid wood furniture in a full-scale chamber

Cited by 34 publications

References 23 publications

Factor analysis of the influence of environmental conditions on VOC emissions from medium density fibreboard and the correlation of the factors with fitting parameters

Factor analysis of the influence of environmental conditions on VOC emissions from medium density fibreboard and the correlation of the factors with fitting parameters

Comparison of formaldehyde measurements by Hantzsch, CRDS and DOAS in the SAPHIR chamber

Non-Dispersive Ultra-Violet Spectroscopic Detection of Formaldehyde Gas for Indoor Environments

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