“…Leakage of C2 from subsurface reservoirs due to natural gas loss during gas and oil drilling, coal mining, gas venting, gas transmission, and transportation is substantial and has been estimated at 2.6-11 Tg yr À1 with a best estimate of 6 Tg yr À1 (Rudolph, 1995). Sources of C3 and C4 alkanes are not as well constrained but generally correspond with those of C2 and include biomass burning (Clarkson et al, 1997;Scholes et al, 2003), oceans (Saito et al, 2000), and natural gas leakage (Wang et al, 2000). The amount of radiocarbon-free C1 in the atmosphere is higher than the amount of C1 estimated from global anthropogenic natural gas loss (Lacroix, 1993;Etiope and Klusman, 2002), raising the possibility of significant geologic emission of C1-C4 hydrocarbons into the atmosphere through gas permeable faults and fractured rock.…”